Table 2.
Comparison of carotid plaque features among different groups (n = 217).
| Mean ±SD, median (IQR), or n (%) | P- value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Co-existing hypertension and H-Hcy (n = 82) |
Isolated hypertension (n = 69) |
Isolated H-Hcy (n = 30) |
Control group (n = 36) |
P a | P b | P c | P d | P e | P f | |
| Plaque morphology | ||||||||||
| Mean lumen area, mm2 | 44.2 ± 16.5 | 45.0 ± 14.9 | 45.3 ± 13.9 | 43.7 ± 14.0 | 0.982 | 0.809 | 0.714 | 0.689 | 0.483 | 0.781 |
| Mean wall area, mm2 | 35.4 ± 12.4 | 33.6 ± 11.5 | 60.7 ± 7.5 | 33.0 ± 11.0 | 0.333 | 0.712 | 0.807 | 0.376 | 0.060 | 0.288 |
| Mean total vessel area, mm2 | 79.6 ± 22.8 | 78.6 ± 20.0 | 76.0 ± 18.0 | 76.7 ± 17.0 | 0.632 | 0.619 | 0.961 | 0.944 | 0.617 | 0.812 |
| Maximum wall thickness, mm | 3.26 ± 1.6 | 3.4 ± 1.5 | 2.6 ± 1.1 | 3.3 ± 1.9 | 0.672 | 0.268 | 0.099 | 0.391 | 0.026* | 0.005* |
| Mean NWI, % | 45.9 ± 0.1 | 43.9 ± 0.1 | 42.4 ± 0.1 | 44.4 ± 0.1 | 0.289 | 0.898 | 0.678 | 0.115 | 0.074 | 0.620 |
| Luminal stenosis, % | 11.6 ± 23.8 | 18.5 ± 34.4 | 9.3 ± 25.8 | 20.5 ± 36.2 | 0.806 | 0.776 | 0.237 | 0.505 | 0.212 | 0.117 |
| Presence of plaque components | ||||||||||
| Calcification | 41 (50) | 27 (39.1) | 7 (23.3) | 12 (33.3) | 0.095 | 0.561 | 0.375 | 0.183 | 0.012* | 0.130 |
| Lipid-rich necrotic core | 60 (73.2) | 44 (63.8) | 13 (43.3) | 18 (50.0) | 0.015* | 0.175 | 0.592 | 0.215 | 0.003* | 0.060 |
| Intraplaque hemorrhage | 14 (17.1) | 13 (18.8) | 1 (3.3) | 4 (11.1) | 0.409 | 0.310 | 0.238 | 0.778 | 0.060 | 0.043* |
| Volume of plaque components | ||||||||||
| Calcification | 15.7 (4.8, 45.0) | 16.5 (4.0, 43.3) | 26.6 (4.5, 83.4) | 11.6 (2.8, 41.6) | 0.520 | 0.626 | 0.554 | 0.900 | 0.745 | 0.848 |
| Lipid-rich necrotic core | 62.0 (25.9, 211.8) | 62.9 (33.6, 179.2) | 33.5 (19.0, 72.8) | 37.0 (20.3, 91.8) | 0.134 | 0.612 | 0.936 | 0.906 | 0.158 | 0.098 |
a
Comparison between co-existing hypertension and H-Hcy group and control group;
b
comparison between isolated hypertension group and control group;
c
comparison between isolated H-Hcy group and control group;
d
comparison between co-existing hypertension and H-Hcy group and isolated hypertension group;
e
comparison between co-existing hypertension and H-Hcy group and isolated H-Hcy group;
f
comparison between isolated hypertension group and isolated H-Hcy group.
*
The volume comparison is applicable only for carotid arteries with the corresponding plaque component.