Table 4.
Univariate and multivariate analysis for prior use of anticoagulation in patients with previously diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF) with high risk of stroke.
| Variable | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-anticoagulant group (n =6222) | Anticoagulant group (n =1585) | P value | OR | (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age, years, Mean ± SD | 79 ± 8 | 76 ± 9 | <0.001 | 0.962 | (0.955–0.968) | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 3,088 (49.6) | 803 (50.7) | 0.463 | - | ||
| Prior medical history | ||||||
| Ischemic stroke/TIA, n (%) | 2,213 (35.6) | 847 (53.4) | <0.001 | 2.303 | (2.069–2.563) | <0.001 |
| Hemorrhagic stroke, n (%) | 238 (3.8) | 44 (2.8) | 0.046 | 0.353 | (0.264–0.474) | <0.001 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding, n (%) | 134 (2.2) | 36 (2.3) | 0.775 | - | ||
| Urinary tract bleeding, n (%) | 16 (0.3) | 4 (0.3) | 0.779 | - | ||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 4,548 (73.1) | 1,087 (68.6) | <0.001 | 0.634 | (0.562–0.717) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 998 (16.0) | 288 (18.2) | 0.041 | 1.020 | (0.980–1.261) | 0.336 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 68 (1.1) | 25 (1.6) | 0.113 | - | ||
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 1,308 (21.0) | 328 (20.7) | 0.774 | - | ||
| Tumor, n (%) | 408 (6.6) | 89 (5.6) | 0.170 | - | ||
| Renal Insufficiency, n (%) | 248 (4.0) | 73 (4.6) | 0.267 | - | ||
| Peripheral artery disease, n (%) | 315 (5.1) | 114 (7.2) | 0.001 | 1.456 | (1.176–1.795) | 0.003 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 1,331 (21.4) | 345 (21.8) | 0.746 | - | ||
| Prior medication history | ||||||
| Antiplatelets, n (%) | 2,072 (33.3) | 188 (11.9) | <0.001 | 0.103 | (0.087–0.122) | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensive agents, n (%) | 3,121 (50.2) | 955 (60.3) | <0.001 | 1.927 | (1.714–2.164) | <0.001 |
| Hypoglycemic agents, n (%) | 678 (10.9) | 227 (14.3) | <0.001 | 1.582 | (1.177–2.071) | 0.008 |
| Statins, n (%) | 1,113 (17.9) | 459 (29.0) | <0.001 | 3.800 | (3.271–4.406) | <0.001 |
| Clinical characteristics at stroke onset | ||||||
| SBP, mmHg, Mean ± SD | 150 ± 23 | 145 ± 22 | <0.001 | - | ||
| DBP, mmHg, Mean ± SD | 85 ± 15 | 84 ± 14 | 0.004 | - | ||
| Baseline NIHSS score, median (IQR)* | 5 (2–12) | 4 (2–10) | <0.001 | - | ||
| CHA2DS2-VASc score, median (IQR) | 4 (3–5) | 4 (3–5) | <0.001 | - | ||
| Reperfusion therapy, n (%) | 1,144 (18.4) | 142 (9.0) | <0.001 | - | ||
| INR (on warfarin), Mean ± SD | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | <0.001 | - | ||
CI indicates confidence interval; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; IQR, interquartile range; INR, international standardized ratio; NIHSS, national institutes of health stroke scale; OR, odds ratio; SD, standard deviation; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
*
NIHSS was available for 6,654 patients (1,316 in anticoagulant group and 5,338 in non-anticoagulant group).