Table 1.
The role of CARD9 in different cells.
| Cell Type | Role of CARD9 | Refs. |
|---|---|---|
| Myeloid cells | ↑Productions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), and chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL8) through NF‐κB and/or p38 activation | (32–38) |
| Macrophages | ↑Differentiation and polarization (M1/M2) | (39) |
| ↑Tumor metastasis | (15, 21, 40) | |
| Neutrophils | ↑Recruitment to infected areas | (41, 42) |
| Dendritic cells | ↑Antigen presenting, T cell responses | (35, 43–45) |
| Innate lymphoid cells | ↑Intestinal epithelial cells proliferation | (15, 21) |
| Cardiomyocytes | ↑Autophagy, ↓Apoptosis | (6, 46) |
| Endothelial cells | ↑Shear stress | (47) |
| Microglia | ↑Inflammatory cytokines production | (7) |
↑, increase. ↓, decrease.
TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL, interleukin; CXCL, CXC-chemokine ligand.