Table 2. Comparison of Characteristics of Patients Treated With Subcutaneous and Intravenous Monoclonal Antibodiesa .
| Characteristic | All patients receiving infusionsb | Patients receiving infusions at the same sitec | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subcutaneous (n = 969) | Intravenous (n = 1216) | P value | Subcutaneous (n = 721) | Intravenous (n = 441) | P value | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 53.8 (16.7) | 54.3 (16.6) | .45 | 54.5 (16.5) | 53.9 (17.4) | .57 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 547 (56.4) | 672 (54.4) | .35 | 401 (55.6) | 227 (51.5) | .17 |
| Male | 422 (42.6) | 554 (45.6) | 320 (44.4) | 214 (48.5) | ||
| Race and ethnicity | ||||||
| Black | 49 (5.2) | 83 (6.9) | .08 | 32 (4.5) | 24 (5.5) | .55 |
| White | 852 (89.8) | 1071 (89.4) | 640 (89.1) | 392 (89.3) | ||
| Otherd | 48 (5.1) | 44 (3.7) | 46 (6.4) | 23 (5.25) | ||
| BMI, mean (SD) | 31.8 (7.5) | 32.8 (8.4) | .03 | 32.0 (7.8) | 32.3 (8.4) | .62 |
| History | ||||||
| Smoking | 227 (34.0) | 135 (31.2) | .35 | 171 (33.9) | 113 (31.0) | .46 |
| Diabetes | 112 (16.8) | 161 (17.1) | .86 | 93 (18.4) | 58 (16.2) | .39 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 128 (19.2) | 174 (18.5) | .73 | 106 (21.0) | 76 (21.2) | .95 |
| Dyspnea | 40 (6.0) | 69 (7.3) | .29 | 33 (6.5) | 17 (4.7) | .26 |
| Asthma | 220 (32.9) | 283 (30.0) | .22 | 164 (32.5) | 114 (31.7) | .82 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 13 (1.9) | 9 (1.0) | .09 | 11 (2.2) | 1 (0.3) | .02 |
| COPD | 115 (17.2) | 151 (16.0) | .53 | 84 (16.6) | 54 (15.0) | .53 |
| Hypertension | 314 (47.0) | 408 (43.3) | .14 | 253 (50.1) | 158 (44.0) | .08 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 33 (4.9) | 55 (5.8) | .43 | 27 (5.4) | 20 (5.6) | .87 |
| Valvular heart disease | 31 (4.6) | 68 (7.2) | .03 | 26 (5.2) | 29 (8.1) | .08 |
| Coronary artery disease | 73 (10.9) | 105 (11.1) | .89 | 61 (12.1) | 45 (12.5) | .84 |
| Stroke | 35 (5.2) | 37 (3.9) | .21 | 28 (5.5) | 16 (4.5) | .47 |
| Congestive heart failure | 36 (5.4) | 50 (5.3) | .94 | 26 (5.1) | 13 (3.6) | .29 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 34 (5.1) | 63 (6.7) | .18 | 24 (4.7) | 24 (6.7) | .22 |
| Fatty liver disease | 28 (4.2) | 23 (2.4) | .05 | 23 (4.5) | 11 (3.1) | .27 |
| Cancer | 70 (10.5) | 127 (13.5) | .07 | 53 (10.5) | 57 (15.9) | .02 |
| Chemotherapy | 31 (4.6) | 35 (3.7) | .36 | 26 (5.1) | 26 (7.2) | .20 |
| Allergic rhinitis | 78 (11.7) | 140 (14.9) | .07 | 56 (11.1) | 47 (13.1) | .37 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 24 (3.6) | 26 (2.8) | .34 | 17 (3.4) | 15 (4.2) | .53 |
| Viral hepatitis | 12 (1.8) | 10 (1.1) | .21 | 5 (1.0) | 2 (0.6) | .48 |
| Solid organ or cell transplant | 10 (1.5) | 10 (1.1) | .44 | 4 (0.8) | 7 (1.9) | .22 |
| Drug class | ||||||
| ACE inhibitors | 118 (17.7) | 138 (14.7) | .10 | 105 (20.8) | 52 (14.5) | .02 |
| Angiotensin II receptor blockers | 69 (10.3) | 102 (10.8) | .75 | 53 (10.5) | 45 (12.5) | .35 |
| α-Blockers | 9 (1.3) | 7 (0.7) | .23 | 6 (1.2) | 1 (0.3) | .14 |
| β-Blockers | 166 (24.8) | 198 (21.0) | .07 | 126 (24.9) | 89 (24.8) | .96 |
| Statins | 223 (33.4) | 333 (35.4) | .41 | 181 (35.8) | 134 (37.3) | .66 |
| Antidepressants | 200 (29.9) | 314 (33.3) | .15 | 153 (30.3) | 132 (36.8) | .05 |
| Corticosteroids as a home medication | 240 (35.9) | 340 (36.1) | .95 | 181 (35.8) | 114 (31.8) | .21 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score | 0.8 (1.4) | 0.8 (1.3) | .95 | 0.8 (1.4) | 0.8 (1.2) | .75 |
| Time from symptoms to infusion, mean (SD), d | 6.1 (1.9) | 6.1 (2.0) | .95 | 6.1 (1.9) | 6.1 (1.9) | .83 |
| Symptoms to infusion group | ||||||
| 1-4 d | 170 (21.2) | 257 (23.4) | .11 | 144 (21.0) | 85 (20.9) | .73 |
| 5-6 d | 293 (36.5) | 352 (32.0) | 248 (36.3) | 139 (34.1) | ||
| ≥7 d | 339 (42.3) | 491 (44.6) | 292 (42.7) | 183 (45.0) | ||
| Vaccination status | ||||||
| Unvaccinated | 267 (33.2) | 455 (41.4) | <.001 | 232 (33.8) | 141 (34.6) | .75 |
| Partially vaccinated | 22 (2.7) | 26 (2.4) | 18 (2.6) | 14 (3.4) | ||
| Fully vaccinatede | 447 (55.5) | 485 (44.1) | 372 (54.2) | 210 (51.6) | ||
| Unknown or not determined | 69 (8.6) | 134 (12.2) | 64 (9.3) | 42 (10.3) | ||
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Data are presented as number (percentage) of study participants unless otherwise indicated.
Patients treated at all health system facilities. Patients were treated subcutaneously from July 20 to September 29, 2021. Patients were treated intravenously from July 15 to September 29, 2021.
Patients treated at the same health system facilities. Patients were treated subcutaneously from September 9 to 29, 2021. Patients were treated intravenously from July 15 to September 8, 2021.
Other race (self-reported) included Alaska Native, American Indian, Asian, Filipino, Indian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander.
Defined as at least 2 doses of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccine or at least 1 dose of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine.