Table 3. Effects of Home-Based, Walking Exercise Behavior Change Intervention on Other Outcomes at 3-Month or 6-Month Follow-up.
| Walking exercise behavior change intervention | Usual care | Walking exercise behavior change intervention vs usual care | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) [No.]a | Within-group change, mean (95% CI)b | Mean (SD) [No.]a | Within-group change, mean (95% CI)b | Adjusted between-group difference, mean (95% CI)c | P value | |||
| Baseline (n = 95) | 3-mo follow-up | Baseline (n = 95) | 3-mo follow-up | |||||
| Walking Estimated Limitation Calculated by History scored | 18.0 (12.6) [94] | 29.5 (18.3) [n = 81] | 9.7 (5.6 to 13.9) | 20.7 (13.9) | 20.0 (13.5) [n = 80] | −1.0 (−3.8 to 1.7) | 10.2 (5.7 to 14.7) | <.001 |
| Self-Reported Maximum Walking Distance test, me | 199 (241) | 500 (1140) [n = 90] | 298 (75 to 521) | 275 (549) | 277 (402) [n = 89] | 51 (−40 to 141) | 181 (60 to 302) | .003 |
| Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living scoref | 51.3 (15.7) | 58.3 (8.4) [n = 81] | 0.2 (−0.3 to 0.7) | 54.3 (11.0) | 56.2 (12.6) [n = 83] | −0.8 (−1.5 to −0.0) | 2.8 (0.1 to 5.4) | .04 |
| Vascular Quality of Life Questionnaire-6 scoreg | 13.3 (3.5) | 14.8 (3.8) [n = 91] | 1.4 (0.7 to 2.0) | 13.9 (3.1) | 14.6 (3.5) [n = 90] | 0.6 (0.1 to 1.2) | 0.6 (−0.2 to 1.4) | .17 |
| Pain-free walking time, sh | 159.0 (77.2) [n = 87] | 208.0 (86.4) [n = 65] | 52.8 (33.7 to 72.0) | 163.0 (83.8) [n = 91] | 173.0 (81.4) [n = 68] | 22.7 (4.2 to 41.3) | 30.3 (5.4 to 55.3) | .02 |
| Maximum walking capacity, si | 301.5 (93.3) | 324.4 (82.6) [n = 74] | 10.9 (−7.6 to 29.5) | 289.7 (100.0) | 308.7 (87.9) [n = 74] | 21.7 (1.9 to 41.5) | 12.0 (−16.9 to 40.8) | .42 |
| Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire scorej | 45.7 (11.5) | 40.4 (11.5) [81] | −4.2 (−6.6 to −1.7) | 44.0 (10.1) | 45.6 (10.7) [n = 82] | 1.7 (−0.2 to 3.6) | −5.8 (−8.6 to −2.9) | <.001 |
| Attitude scorek | 14.7 (3.1) | 15.7 (2.9) [n = 81] | 1.0 (0.2 to 1.7) | 14.6 (3.4) | 14.5 (4.0) [n = 82] | −0.1 (−0.8 to 0.5) | 1.1 (0.2 to 2.0) | .02 |
| Subjective norms scorek | 16.2 (4.9) | 17.2 (4.1) [n = 81] | 0.9 (−0.1 to 1.8) | 15.8 (4.6) | 15.6 (4.9) [n = 82] | 0.0 (−1.0 to 1.0) | 1.3 (0.1 to 2.6) | .03 |
| Perceived behavioral control scorek | 17.5 (3.7) | 17.2 (3.5) [n = 81] | −0.5 (−1.4 to 0.4) | 17.0 (3.8) | 17.3 (3.5) [n = 82] | 0.3 (−0.7 to 1.3) | −0.3 (−1.3 to 0.8) | .60 |
| Intention scorek | 19.3 (2.8) | 19.5 (2.2) [n = 81] | 0.3 (−0.4 to 1.0) | 19.0 (2.6) | 18.5 (3.8) [n = 82] | −0.5 (−1.3 to 0.3) | 0.9 (0.0 to 1.9) | .048 |
| Action planning scorel | 2.5 (1.2) | 3.2 (0.9) [n = 81] | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.1) | 2.3 (1.1) | 2.7 (1.1) [n = 82] | 0.4 (0.1 to 0.6) | 0.5 (0.2 to 0.8) | .001 |
| Action control scorel | 2.4 (0.9) | 3.5 (0.6) [n = 81] | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.3) | 2.4 (1.0) | 2.7 (1.0) [n = 82] | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.5) | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.0) | <.001 |
| International Physical Activity Questionnaire, MET min/wkm | 2874 (6387) [n = 94] | 3846 (6192) [n = 91] | 838 (−500 to 2175) | 2615 (5903) | 3207 (5035) [n = 90] | 424 (−658 to 1506) | 532 (−855 to 1919) | .45 |
| Exercise Adherence Rating Scale score at 3 mon | 13.9 (5.8) | 17.3 (5.1) [n = 81] | 3.3 (2.0 to 4.7) | 13.6 (5.7) | 15.3 (5.7) [n = 82] | 1.4 (0.0 to 2.7) | 2.0 (0.5 to 3.5) | .01 |
| Exercise Adherence Rating Scale score at 6 mon | 13.9 (5.8) | 16.0 (5.4) [n = 70]n | 1.7 (0.1 to 3.3) | 13.6 (5.7) | 14.7 (6.3) [n = 72]n | 0.6 (−1.0 to 2.3) | 1.2 (−0.7 to 3.1) | .21 |
Abbreviation: MET min/wk, metabolic equivalent of task-minutes/week.
See footnote a in Table 2.
See footnote b in Table 2.
See footnote c in Table 2.
See footnote i in Table 1.
See footnote j in Table 1.
See footnote k in Table 1.
See footnote l in Table 1.
Represents the time in seconds that participants first experienced pain during 6-minute walk test. Ranges from small number of seconds to 360 seconds; 360 seconds indicates best. A minimal clinically important difference has not been defined.
Represents time in seconds that participants stopped walking during 6-minute walk test. Ranges from small number of seconds to 360 seconds; 360 seconds indicates best. A minimal clinically important difference has not been defined.
See footnote m in Table 1.
See footnote n in Table 1.
See footnote o in Table 1.
See footnote p in Table 1.