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. 2022 Apr 13;20:117. doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02316-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Time in range results from continuous glucose monitoring in patients with chronic kidney disease. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data from 6 individuals, including one person without diabetes (A) and five persons with diabetes and end-stage kidney disease (B–F), are presented. The CGM data are categorized as time-in-range, based on consensus recommendations. Glucose management indicator (GMI) is calculated from the average glucose results for each person, and lab-measured A1C is also presented. Note that significant variability in the glucose time-in-range is present within the same range of A1Cs (A–D and E, F). For example, for person E with an A1C of 8.4%, the GMI is 6.9%, and the CGM time-in-range is within acceptable limits. However, for person F, the A1C is 8.1%, GMI is 9.2%, and the CGM time-in-range is unacceptably high