Table 1:
Activity, expression and localization of proteases
| Name | Substrate | Virulence phenotypes and expression | Localization | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CP1 | Collagen pro-IL-1β IL-1β(active) villin C3C3b (active) |
Upregulated in murine colitis, ALA, HM1:IMSS v Rahman. Upregulated by mucin. KD did not prevent monolayer destruction. Absent in Ed. | Surface Phagosome | (30, 48, 118, 145) |
| CP2 | Proteoglycan | Upregulated by mucin. Overexpression increased monolayer destruction but KD did not prevent monolayer destruction. | Membrane-associated Phagosome | (30, 118) |
| CP3 | Nutrients in phagosome | Upregulated in Rahman v. HM1:IMSS. present in Ed | Cytoplasmic Phagosome |
(94, 127, 140) |
| CP4 | C3 IgA Lamanin Pro-IL-18 (degrades) |
Upregulated in murine colitis and experimental ALA. KD blocked ALA, Chemical inhibition blocked murine colitis upregulated in HM1:IMSS v Rahman. Induced by cell contact, mucin. | Secreted Nuclear Phagosome | (30, 48, 118) |
| CP5 | IgG Mucin BSA Integrin binding |
KD prevents lamina propria invasion in colonic explants and monolayer destruction. Overexpression increased monolayer destruction but KD did not prevent monolayer destruction. Upregulated in HM1:IMSS and ALA isolates. Upregulated by mucin. Absent in Ed | Surface Phagosome |
(30, 48, 118) |
| CPADH (CP112 +ADH112) |
Collagen Fibronectin, Hemoglobin Integrin binding |
Antibodies block adherence, phagocytosis, monolayer destruction and ALA. | Cytoplasmic vesicles Plasma- membrane Secreted |
(118) |
| CPBF1 | Binds CP5 | Required for CP5 activity | ER Phagosomes |
(92) |
| CPBF6 | Binds α-amylase and γ-amylase | Transports α-amylase and γ-amylase to phagosome | Lysosomes Phagosomes |
(41) |
| CPBF8 | Binds β-hexosaminidase and lysozymes | KD decreased digestion of bacteria in phagosomes and cytotoxicity | Lysosomes Phagosomes |
(40) |
| MSP-1 | Metalloprotease Homology to leishmanolysin |
KD increased adherence / reduced motility, phagocytosis and cytotoxicity. Upregulated in HM1:IMSS v. Rahman. Absent in Ed | Surface | (126, 127) |
| ROM1 | Intramembrane protease, binds HGL | KD reduced adherence/cytotoxicity |
Surface Cap Vesicles |
(12) |
| β-amylase | Starch | Upregulated in HM1:IMSS v. Rahman. Induced by explant contact. KD reduced mucin degradation. | Surface, Cytoplasmic vesicles | (127) |
| Lysozyme | Nutrient degradation | Upregulated in murine colitis. Upregulated in Rahman v. HM1:IMSS. | Surface, Phagosome | (48, 127) |
KD-knockdown, Ed-E. dispar