Table 1.

Characteristics of the 26 included studies

Design	Number of studies
Prospective cohort	5 [27–31]
Cross sectional	13 [8, 32–43]
Quasi – experimental study	1 [44]
Case control	1 [45]
Baseline data of a quasi – experimental study	1 [46]
Secondary analysis of data of a prospective cohort study	1 [47]
Mixed method (quantitative and qualitative)	1 [48]
Qualitative studies	3 [49–51]
Number of studies using quantitative method	23 [18–40]
Number of studies using qualitative method	4 [48–51]
Setting (among 23 studies using quantitative method)
Facility – based	14 [8, 27, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36–40, 42, 47, 48]
Community – based	9 [29, 31, 33, 35, 41, 43–46]
Sample size (among 23 studies using quantitative method)
180–500	9 [27, 28, 33, 36, 37, 39, 42, 44, 47]
500–1,000	7 [8, 32, 34, 35, 40, 43, 48]
1,000–1,400	6 [29–31, 38, 41, 43]
4,680	1 [46]
Number of countries represented in this review	13
Locations of studies
Eastern Africa	Ethiopia [35, 37, 42, 43, 45, 46], Tanzania [38, 51], Uganda [49]
Western Africa	Nigeria [36, 48]
Southern Africa	South Africa [32]
Southern Asia	Iran [28, 34, 39], India [44]
Southeastern Asia	Vietnam [29, 31, 41, 50], Malaysia [40]
Western Asia	Jordan [33]
Between Asia and Europe	Turkey [27]
Latin America	Brazil [8, 30], Mexico [47]
Tools to detect IPV during pregnancy
WHO’s domestic violence questionnaire	12 studies [28–31, 33, 35, 37–39, 42, 45, 50]
Abuse Assessment Screen	2 studies [43, 44]
Conflict Tactics Scale	1 study [36]
Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2)	1 study [8]
Hurt, Insult, Threaten and Scream	1 study [46]
Stressful Life Events Scale	1 study [47]
Composite Abuse Scale - Short Form (CAS-SF)	1 study [32]
Their own questionnaires	6 studies [27, 34, 40, 41, 48, 49]