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. 2021 Jul 22;6(2):e10287. doi: 10.1002/lrh2.10287

TABLE 3.

LHS Work Elements referenced in at least 10 publications (with some synthesis)

Bodies of LHS work Specific forms of work frequently mentioned in the literature
Organizational learning, innovation, and continuous quality improvement which leads to improved patient care
  • Structured, goal‐oriented learning is integrated into operations.

  • Learning processes are explicitly designed to improve quality, safety and value of care, and to enhance efficiency of operations.

  • Quality improvement processes, including continuous quality improvement and rapid‐cycle learning, are routinely employed throughout the organization.

  • Collaborative or team‐based learning is practiced.

Identifying, critically assessing, and translating knowledge and evidence for improved patient care
  • Relevant internal and external research findings are identified and translated into treatments and practices that improve patient outcomes and organizational performance.

  • The organization systematically adopts and implements evidence‐based treatments.

Building new knowledge and evidence to improved patient care and health outcomes

  • The organization conducts research (beyond quality improvement) to answer questions that relate directly to the organization's goals and issues regarding patient care.

  • Research conducted by the organization balances rigor with practicality and cost‐effectiveness.

  • Findings from research are shared/disseminated

Analysis of clinical data to support learning, knowledge generation, and improved patient care

  • Patient data are captured and organized into a system so that it can be analyzed for research, quality improvement, and other forms of learning.

  • Employees throughout the organization routinely access and analyze clinical data for research and learning.

  • Clinical and/or informatics data are used in diagnosing and treating individual patients.

  • Clinical decision support systems are in place and routinely used.

  • Clinical data are analyzed to support personalized treatment and/or precision medicine.

Engagement of clinicians, patients, and other stakeholders
  • Stakeholders from throughout the organization (including practicing clinicians) are directly engaged in the learning process.
  • Patients and family members are actively engaged in learning and/or clinical decision‐making.
  • The organization reaches out to external partners with a stake in improving patient care and provides meaningful forums for influencing the learning agenda.