Table 1.
Systematic review.
| Investigatiors Table 1: Systematic Review |
Title of study | Year | Patients (n) | Preoperative BMI (kg/m^2) | Reflux evaluation | Follow-up (mo) | GERD (%) |
Bougie size (F) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperative | Postoperative | ||||||||
| M.E. Abd Ellatif et al. [16] | Long term predictors of success after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy | 2014 | 1395 | 46 | Upper GI endoscopy | 84 | 11.4 | <36 (837) - >44 (558) | |
| Albanopoulos et al. [17] | The impact of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on weight loss and obesity-associated comorbidities: the results of 3 years of follow up | 2016 | 88 | 47.8 | Symptoms | 36 | 27 | 9.2 | 34 |
| Alexandrou et al. [18] | Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity: 5 year results | 2015 | 30 | 55.5 ± 1.7 | Esofagogastroscopy | 60 | 16 | 29 | |
| Althuwaini et al. [19] | Prevalence and predictors of gastroesophageal reflux disease after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy | 2018 | 213 | 47,84 | GERD-Health-Related-Quality of Life questionnaire | 12 | 47% | 32 | |
| Angrisani et al. [20] | Five year results of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: effects on gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms and co-morbidities | 2016 | 105 | group1: <50; group2:>50 | symptoms, gastrointestinal endoscopy, double contrast barium swallow | 60 | group 1: 31% group 2: 25% | group 1: 18,2% group: 20% | 40 |
| Arman et al. [21] | Long-term (11+years) outcomes in weight patient satisfaction, comorbidities, and gastroesophageal reflux treatment after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy | 2016 | 110 | 38,8 | medication use | 132 | 11.1 | 21.4 | 34 |
| Barr et al. [22] | GERD and acid reduction medication use following gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy | 2017 | 147 | 49.1 ± 8 | acid reduction medication (ARM) utilization, Gastroesophageal reflux disease health-related quality of life (GERD-HRQL) | 12 | N.R. | N.R. | 36–40 |
| Barry et al. [23] | Laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy: a 5 year veterans affairs review | 2017 | 223 | 45.4 (from 33 to 56.6) | medication use | 60 | 56 | 13 | 34 |
| Berry et al. [24] | Sleeve gastrectomy outcomes in patients with BMI between 30 and 35-3 years of follow-up | 2018 | 252 | 32.3 (30–35) | gastrointestinal endoscopy, barium esophagogram, esophageal manometry, esophageal pH test | 36 | 25,43 | 64,6 improvement of their symptoms - 2.4 de novo symptoms | 36 |
| Borbely et al. [25] | De novo gastroesophageal reflux disease after sleeve gastrectomy: role of preoperative silent reflux | 2018 | 222 | 49.6 ± 7.2 | questionnaires, upper endoscopy, 24 h-pH manometry, esophagogram, medication use | 32 | 25 silent GERD preop - 23 with preoperative diagnosis of GERD | 52 | 32 |
| Boza et al. [26] | Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy as a primary bariatric procedure | 2014 | 161 | 34.9 (33.3–37.5) | GERD symptoms questionnaires, endoscopy | 60 | 4.3 | 26.7 | 60 |
| Braghetto et al. [27] | Prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in bariatric patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy | 2016 | 231 | 38.4 + 3.1 | clinical evaluation, Endoscopy | 60 | 0 (patients with GERD didn't undergo sleeve gastrectomy) | 23.2 | 34 |
| Braghetto et al. [28] | Late esophagogastric anatomic and functional changes after sleeve gastrectomy and its clinical consequences with regards to gastroesophageal reflux disease | 2019 | 248 | 38.4 ± 3,4 | reflux symptoms and Upper gastrointestinal ednoscopy | 60 | 0 | 65,1 | N.R. |
| Burgerhart et al. [29] | Effect of sleeve gastrectomy on gastroesophageal reflux | 2014 | 20 | 47.6 ± 6.1 | esophageal function tests (high resolution manometry and 24-h pH impedence metry); reflux disease questionnaire | 3 | 70 | 20 | 34 |
| Carabotti et al. [30] | Impact of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on upper gastrointestinal symptoms | 2013 | 97 | respondent patients: 45.9; non respondent patients: 43.3 | questionnaire for upper GI symptoms following Roma III criteria | 13 | 27 | 25,67 | 42 |
| Carter et al. [31] | Association between gastroesophageal reflux disease and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy | 2011 | 206 | 46.6 | symptoms, medication use, upper gastrointestinal radiography | 24 | 34.6 | 49 complained of immediate GERD symptoms; 47.2had persistent GERD symptoms that lasted >1 month after LSG; 33.8% were taking medication specifically for GERD after LSG | 34 |
| Castagneto Gissey et al. [32] | 10-year follow-up after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: outcomes in a monocentric series | 2018 | 182 | 46.6 ± 7.3 | clinical symptomatology referred by patients on a symptom assessment scale, esophagogastroduodenoscopy if necessary | 120 | 18.9 | 42.9 | 48 |
| Catheline et al. [33] | Five year results of sleeve gastrectomy | 2013 | 65 | 49.9 ± 9.1 range (35.7–71.8) | PPI medication, symptoms, endoscopy | 60 | 11.1 | 33.3 | 34 |
| Chuffart et al. [34] | Long-term results after sleeve gastrectomy for gastroesophageal reflux disease: a single-center French study | 2017 | 64 | 47 ± 8 | upper GI endoscopy, symptoms, medication (PPI) | 72 | 26.8 | 42 | 36 |
| Coupaye et al. [35] | Gastroesophageal reflux after sleeve gastrectomy: a prospective mechanistic study | 2018 | 119 | 43.3 ± 5.7 | HRM(high-resolution esophageal manometry), APM(ambulatory 24-h esophageal pH monitoring), upper endoscopy | 12 | 34 | 52 (patients without preoperative GERD); 56,25 (patients with preoperative GERD) | 36 |
| Dakour Aridi et al. [36] | Gastroesophageal reflux disease after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with concomitant hiatal hernia repair: an unresolved question | 2017 | 165 | 44.1 ± 10.7 (LSG), 42.7 ± 15.3 (LSG + HHR) | symptoms, PPI use | 24 | 41.6 (LSG)61.8 (LSG + HHR) | 46.2 (LSG) - 41.4 (LSG + HHR) | 36/40 |
| Del Genio et al. [37] | Sleeve Gastrectomy and development of “de novo” gastroesophageal reflux | 2014 | 25 | 46.1 (38–58) | multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH (MII-pH), High-resolution manometry with impedance (HRiM), questionnaire | 13 (11–17) | N.R. | N.R. | 40 |
| DuPree et al. [38] | Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in patients with preexisting Gastroesophageal Reflux disease. A National Analysis | 2014 | 4832 | 47.9 | REflux symptoms and Upper gastrointestinal ednoscopy | 6 | 44.5 | 84.1 continued to have GERD symptoms | N.R. |
| Felsenreich et al. [39] | Update: 10 years of sleeve gastrectomy- the first 103 patients | 2018 | 103 | 49 ± 9.1 | gastroscopies, manometries, 24-h pH metries, reflux symptom index questionnaire | 120 | N.R. | 57 | N.R. |
| DM Felsenreich et al. [40] | Reflux, Sleeve Dilation, and Barret's Esophagous after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: Long-Term Follow-Up | 2017 | 43 | 49.5 ± 9,6 | REflux symptoms and Upper gastrointestinal ednoscopy | 129 | 0 | 38 | 42–48 |
| Flolo et al. [41] | Five-year outcomes after vertical sleeve gastrectomy for severe obesity: a prospective cohort study | 2017 | 168 | 46.2 ± 6.4 | symptoms, medication use | 60 | 12 | 35 | 32 |
| Gadiot et al. [42] | Long-term results of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity: 5 to 8-year results | 2017 | 277 | 44.8 ± 6.7 | symptoms | 60 | 10.1 | 7 (9pz) | N.R. |
| Garg et al. [43] | Mid to long term outcomes of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in Indian population: 3–7 years results - a retrospective cohort study | 2017 | 424 | 46.67 ± 15.8 | upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, GERD severity symptom questionnaire, PPI intake | 60 | 16.5 | 2.8 | 36 |
| Gemici et al. [44] | Outcomes of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy by means of esophageal manometry and pH-metry, before and after surgery | 2020 | 62 | 47.91 ± 6.23 | Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, 24 h pH-monitoring (APM), Esophageal manometry (EM) | 36 | N.R. | N.R. | 36 |
| Genco et al. [45] | Gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a possible, underestimated long-term complication | 2017 | 162 | 45.8 ± 6.3 | visual analogue scale (VAS) evaluation of GERD symptoms, PPIs consumption recording, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) | 58 | 33.6 | 68.1 | 48 |
| Georgia et al. [46] | 24-h multichannel intraluminal impedance PH-metry 1 year after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: an objective assessment of gastroesophageal reflux disease | 2017 | 12 | 48.97 | 24-h multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH metry (MIIpH) pre-and 12 months post-LSG; symptoms; EGD | 12 | 42.06.00 | 83.33 | 38 |
| Hendricks et al. [47] | Impact of sleeve gastrectomy on gastroesophageal reflux disease in a morbidly obese population undergoing bariatric surgery | 2016 | 919 | N.R. | symptoms, PPI treatment, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGI), esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), pH manometry | 24 | group B 1% (13) | group A 3% (25) | 38 |
| Himpens et al. [48] | Long-term results of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for obesity | 2010 | 53 | 39 (range, 31–57; SD, 5.4) | Bariatric analysis and reporting outcome system (BAROS) score | 72 | 3.3 | 23 | 34 |
| Hirth et al. [49] | Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: long-term weight loss outcomes | 2015 | 16 | 43.5 | medications, symptoms | 84 | 35 | 35 | 32 |
| Howard et al. [50] | Gastroesophageal reflux after sleeve gastrectomy in morbidly obese patients | 2011 | 28 | 55.5 range (39–80) | upper gastrointestinal radiographic swallow study, GERD score questionnaire, symptoms, medication use | 32 | 25 | 39 | 38 |
| Kehagias et al. [51] | Efficacy of sleeve gastrectomy as sole procedure in patients with clinically severe obesity (BMI <50 kg/m^2) | 2013 | 203 | 43.2 ± 2.8 | PPi prescription | 36 | 0 | 7,4 | 32 |
| Kowalewski et al. [52] | Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy-a single-center, retrospective study | 2018 | 84 | 51.6 | typical symptoms, PPi therapy | 96 | N.R. | 60 | 36 |
| Lemaitre et al. [53] | Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in the South Pacific. Retrospective evaluation of 510 patients in a single institution | 2016 | 384 | 47.8 ± 7.8 | PPi therapy, endoscopic diagnosis, symptoms | 24 | N.R. | 9.4 | 33 |
| Lim et al. [54] | Correlation between symptomatic gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) and erosive esophagitis (EE) post vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) | 2019 | 63 | 42.1 ± 1.2 | questionnaire that included documentation of reflux symptomatology, medication use; EGD | 13 | 31.7 | 47.6 | 36 |
| Menenakos et al. [55] | Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy performed with intent to treat morbid obesity: a prospective single-center study of 261 patients with a median follow-up of 1 year | 2010 | 261 | 45.2 (range 32.1–72.7) | upper gastrointestinal endoscopy | 12 | N.R. | 25 | 38 |
| Nocca et al. [56] | Five-year results of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for the treatment of severe obesity | 2017 | 1050 | 44.58 ± 7.71 | symptoms | 60 | 21.27 | 39.1 | 36 |
| Pilone et al. [57] | Gastroesophageal reflux after sleeve gastrectomy: new onset and effect on symptoms on a prospective evaluation | 2019 | 104 | 44.2 ± 4.2 | GERD-HRQL questionnaire, EGDS, PPI use | 12 | 27.9 | 10.6 | 32 |
| Pok et al. [58] | Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in Asia: long term outcome and revisional surgery | 2016 | 61 | 37.3 ± 8.1 (range20.8–75.3) | symptoms | 60 | N.R. | 17 | 36 |
| Rawlins et al. [59] | Sleeve gastrectomy 5 year outcomes of a single institution | 2013 | 49 | 65 (range 39–106) | patient report | 60 | N.R. | 11 | 26.4 |
| Rebecchi et al. [60] | Gastroesophageal reflux disease and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a physiopathologic evaluation | 2014 | 71 | 44.3 ± 3.8 | gastroesophageal reflux disease symptom assessment scale (GSAS), esophageal manometry and 24-h pH monitoring, DeMeester composite reflux score | 48 | group A: 42.3 group B: 0 | group A: symptoms improved group B: 5.4 | 36 |
| Sharma et al. [61] | Evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux before and after sleeve gastrectomy using symptom scoring, scintigraphy, and endoscopy | 2014 | 32 | 47.8 | Carlsson Dent Questionnaire and GERD questionnaire to assess Symptom-Severity score, upper GI endoscopy, radionuclide scintigraphy | 12 | 6.25 (2pz) | 78.1 | 36 |
| Sheppard et al. [62] | Rates of reflux before and after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for severe obesity | 2015 | 205 | 48.5 ± 9.7 | symptoms, medication use | 12 | 25.5 | 58 increased PPI - 42 continued the same treatment - 0 decreased | 50 |
| Soricelli et al. [63] | Lack of correlation between gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms and esophageal lesions after sleeve gastrectomy | 2018 | 219 | 46.2 ± 7.2 | EGD, VAS evaluation of GERD symptoms, PPI consumption | 66 | 40.9 | 70.2 | 48 |
| Viscido et al. [64] | Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: endoscopic findings and gastroesophageal reflux symptoms at 18-month follow-up | 2018 | 109 | 47.8 ± 16 | questionnaire, GERD symptoms, EGD | 18 | 33 | 44 | 42 |