TABLE 1.

Association of risk factors with exposure to shingles vaccine

Variable	Level	Total N	Vaccinated N (%)	Hazard ratio (95% CI) a
Sex	Female	174,317	81,064 (47%)	0.95 (0.95 to 0.96)
Born after 1943	Yes	161,476	90,012 (56%)	26.63 (25.99 to 27.29)
WIMD b	1	54,950	22,576 (41%)	1.00 (ref)
	2	65,067	27,855 (43%)	1.04 (1.02 to 1.06)
	3	70,425	31,499 (45%)	1.08 (1.07 to 1.1)
	4	67,269	33,150 (49%)	1.22 (1.2 to 1.24)
	5	78,748	40,947 (52%)	1.28 (1.26 to 1.3)
Frailty	Fit	255,118	119,192 (47%)	1.00 (ref)
	Mild	69,379	32,234 (46%)	1.08 (1.07 to 1.09)
	Moderate	10,942	4291 (39%)	0.99 (0.96 to 1.02)
	Severe	1020	310 (30%)	0.85 (0.76 to 0.95)
Care home	Yes	432	89 (21%)	0.57 (0.46 to 0.7)
Prior vaccination	Yes	264,454	141,164 (53%)	3.01 (2.96 to 3.06)
Diabetes	Yes	47,411	22,232 (47%)	1.13 (1.11 to 1.14)
Cancer	Yes	23,987	11,085 (46%)	1.07 (1.05 to 1.1)
Cerebrovascular disease	Yes	10,690	4228 (40%)	0.87 (0.84 to 0.9)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	Yes	37,902	18,449 (49%)	1.13 (1.11 to 1.14)
Chronic heart disease	Yes	4858	1815 (37%)	0.89 (0.85 to 0.94)
Chronic liver disease	Yes	1000	370 (37%)	0.95 (0.85 to 1.05)
Myocardial infarction	Yes	5514	2231 (40%)	0.83 (0.79 to 0.86)
Peptic ulcer	Yes	2085	813 (39%)	0.77 (0.72 to 0.82)
Perivascular disease	Yes	5695	2075 (36%)	0.84 (0.81 to 0.88)
Renal disease	Yes	20,694	9165 (44%)	0.95 (0.93 to 0.97)
Rheumatic disease	Yes	6444	2411 (37%)	0.77 (0.74 to 0.8)

^a For sex, birth year, care home, prior vaccination, and all disease groups, the reference (HR = 1) is set to males, born before 1943, not in a care home, no prior vaccination, and people without each of the diseases, respectively.

^b Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation: level 1 is most deprived, 5 is least deprived.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; WIMD, Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation.