Table 3.

Local and systemic adverse events during subcutaneous administration of testosterone esters (number of events in parenthesis)

Study	Ester	Frequency	Dose range	Duration	Population	Sample	Local site-related adverse effects	Systemic adverse effects
Olson et al, 2014 (51)	TC	Weekly	25-75 mg	6 mo	Transgender men	36	Erythema (2), swelling (2) and pain (2)	–
Kaminetsky et al, 2015 (25)	TE	Weekly	50-100 mg	6 wk	Hypogonadal men	29	Ecchymosis (1)	4 (not specified)
Spratt et al, 2017 (28)	TC or TE	Weekly	50-150 mg	Up to 43 mo	Transgender men	63	Nodules (4), urticaria (2), inflammation (2)	Acne (37)
Kaminetsky et al, 2019 (27)	TE	Weekly	50-100 mg	52 wk	Hypogonadal men	150	Erythema (31), induration (11), hematoma (11), bleeding (10), ecchymosis (9), itching (9), pain (7)	Erythrocytosis (18), hypertension (19), polycythemia (3), 3 acne (3), prostate enlargement (2)
Gittelman et al, 2019 (29)	TE	Weekly	50-100 mg	26 wk	Hypogonadal men	133	Hemorrhage (8), bruising (5), pain (1)	Prostatitis (4), polycythemia (3), hypertension (3), fatigue (3), insomnia (3), nausea (3), deep vein thrombosis (1)
Turner et al, 2019 (26)	TU	Once	1000 mg	14 wk	Hypogonadal and transgender men	20	Pain (19)	Not reported

Abbreviations: TC, testosterone cypionate; TE, testosterone enanthate; TU, testosterone undecanoate.