Table 2.
Association between categorized weight change and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, according to changes of lifestyle before to after diagnosis of diabetes
| Person-years | All-cause mortality | CVD mortality | Cancer mortality | Deaths from other causes | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Proportion | Case | HR (95% CI) | Case | HR (95% CI) | Case | HR (95% CI) | Case | HR (95% CI) | |
| Overall | ||||||||||
| Major loss (≥10%) | 10 935 | 13.2% | 488 | 1.21 (1.09, 1.35) | 146 | 1.26 (1.04, 1.52) | 125 | 1.24 (1.01, 1.52) | 217 | 1.19 (1.02, 1.39) |
| Moderate loss (5% ≤ loss < 10%) | 15 615 | 18.9% | 599 | 1.01 (0.92, 1.11) | 180 | 1.02 (0.86, 1.21) | 158 | 1.07 (0.89, 1.29) | 261 | 0.97 (0.84, 1.12) |
| Stable (change within ±5%) | 44 314 | 53.5% | 1676 | 1.00 (reference) | 515 | 1.00 (reference) | 418 | 1.00 (reference) | 743 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Gain (≥ 5%) | 11 973 | 14.5% | 434 | 1.09 (0.97, 1.21) | 128 | 1.10 (0.90, 1.35) | 107 | 1.01 (0.81, 1.25) | 199 | 1.13 (0.96, 1.33) |
| Deteriorated Lifestyle | ||||||||||
| Major loss (≥10%) | 1652 | 11.1% | 89 | 1.63 (1.26, 2.09) | 23 | 1.41 (0.87, 2.30) | 23 | 1.57 (0.97, 2.55) | 43 | 1.75 (1.20, 2.54) |
| Moderate loss (5% ≤ loss < 10%) | 2755 | 18.5% | 143 | 1.37 (1.11, 1.69) | 38 | 1.22 (0.81, 1.84) | 38 | 1.12 (0.75, 1.67) | 67 | 1.60 (1.17, 2.20) |
| Stable (change within ±5%) | 8148 | 54.7% | 319 | 1.00 (reference) | 92 | 1.00 (reference) | 93 | 1.00 (reference) | 134 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Gain (≥ 5%) | 2332 | 15.7% | 87 | 1.19 (0.92, 1.53) | 17 | 0.81 (0.47, 1.40) | 21 | 0.99 (0.60, 1.62) | 49 | 1.65 (1.16, 2.34) |
| Unchanged Lifestyle | ||||||||||
| Major loss (≥10%) | 6037 | 12.4% | 282 | 1.27 (1.11, 1.46) | 94 | 1.46 (1.15, 1.86) | 64 | 1.21 (0.91, 1.61) | 124 | 1.20 (0.98, 1.48) |
| Moderate loss (5% ≤ loss < 10%) | 9012 | 18.6% | 334 | 0.95 (0.83, 1.07) | 108 | 1.04 (0.83, 1.30) | 80 | 0.97 (0.75, 1.26) | 146 | 0.88 (0.73, 1.07) |
| Stable (change within ±5%) | 26 520 | 54.7% | 1007 | 1.00 (reference) | 308 | 1.00 (reference) | 236 | 1.00 (reference) | 463 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Gain (≥ 5%) | 6941 | 14.3% | 249 | 0.97 (0.84, 1.12) | 82 | 1.04 (0.81, 1.35) | 55 | 0.89 (0.66, 1.20) | 112 | 0.98 (0.79, 1.21) |
| Improved Lifestyle | ||||||||||
| Major loss (≥10%) | 3246 | 16.7% | 117 | 1.02 (0.81, 1.27) | 29 | 0.82 (0.53, 1.27) | 38 | 1.41 (0.95, 2.10) | 50 | 0.99 (0.70, 1.40) |
| Moderate loss (5% ≤ loss < 10%) | 3848 | 19.8% | 122 | 0.89 (0.71, 1.10) | 34 | 0.76 (0.50, 1.15) | 40 | 1.18 (0.80, 1.75) | 48 | 0.82 (0.58, 1.15) |
| Stable (change within ±5%) | 9646 | 49.6% | 350 | 1.00 (reference) | 115 | 1.00 (reference) | 89 | 1.00 (reference) | 146 | 1.00 (reference) |
| Gain (≥ 5%) | 2700 | 13.9% | 98 | 1.15 (0.91, 1.47) | 29 | 1.34 (0.87, 2.09) | 31 | 1.19 (0.77, 1.84) | 38 | 1.02 (0.69, 1.49) |
Multivariate analyses were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, history of hypertension, current antidiabetic medication use, current antihypertensive medication use, hypercholesterolemia, current anti-hypercholesterolemia medication use in the questionnaire cycle right after diabetes diagnosis, family history of diabetes, family history of myocardial infarction, current aspirin use, current multivitamin use, diabetes duration, and lifestyle score before diabetes diagnosis.