Table 1.
Clinical and pathologic characteristics of 27 reported cases with nasopharyngeal sarcoidosis plus our 2 cases.
| References | Year | N patients (M/F) | Mean Age (range) | Symptoms | Lungs and/or intrathoracic involvement | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tuğrul S et al (23) | 2016 | 1 1/0 |
32 | Nasal obstruction Snoring |
Yes | / |
| El Bousaadani A et al (24) | 2015 | 1 0/1 |
43 | Nasal obstruction Epistaxis |
No | Systemic therapy (prednisone 20mg daily) |
| Akin S et al (25) | 2012 | 1 0/1 |
51 | Dryness of mouth and throat | No | Systemic therapy (100 mg/day azathioprine, 200 mg/day hydroxychloroquine, and 40 mg/day prednisolone) |
| Brodsky JR et al (8) | 2012 | 1 1/0 |
40 | Nasal obstruction Snoring Restless sleep |
/ | Surgery (serial dilatation to 15 mm with a balloon catheter and injection with 20 mg of topical triamcinolone) |
| Gil Calero MM et al (26) | 2011 | 1 0/1 |
45 | Nasal obstruction Rhinorrhea Bilateral hypoacusis Asthenia Fever Pretibial erythema nodosum |
No | Initial topical corticosteroid regime that failed. Then they started treatment with oral deflazacort at doses of 1 mg/(kg day) in a descending pattern for 12 days |
| Rottoli P et al (6) | 2005 | 1 0/1 |
39 | / | Yes | Systemic therapy (steroids) |
| Sugisaki K et al (27) | 2000 | 1 0/1 |
64 | Hearing loss Tinnitus |
Yes | Systemic therapy (steroids) |
| Osinubi OA et al (7) | 2000 | 1 1/0 |
54 | Hearing loss | Yes | / |
| Onishi Y et al (12) | 1998 | 1 1/0 |
27 | Low grade fever Malaise Headache Dysesthesia of the toes |
Yes | Nasopharyngeal involvement was not treated while other sarcoidosis involvements were treated |
| Douds AC et al (11) | 1997 | 1 1/0 |
39 | Nasal obstruction Stridor |
Yes | Low-dose external beam radiotherapy to nasopharynx and larynx (20 Gys in 10 fractions over 2 weeks) |
| Roger G et al (28) | 1994 | 1 1/0 |
13 | Nasal obstruction Snoring Sleep apnea |
Yes | Adenotonsillectomy but no specific treatment for sarcoidosis |
| Erwin SA et al (29) | 1989 | 1 0/1 |
12 | Nasal obstruction Snoring |
No | No therapy |
| Oluboyo PO et al (30) | 1987 | 1 0/1 |
37 | Hemoptysis (to be due to ulcerations of nasopharyngeal granulomas) | / | / |
| Wilson R et al (31) | 1986 | 2 1/1 |
10 (15-5) |
Gritty red eyes and painful Diminishing visual acuity Gritty red eyes Fever Lethargy and dyspnea Lacrimal gland enlargement |
Yes (1 subject) |
Systemic therapy (steroids) |
| Herberts G (9) | 1957 | 1 1/0 |
35 | Attacks of visual disturbance | No | Systemic therapy (steroids, PAS and ACTH) |
| Larsson L-G (10) | 1951 | 11 6/5 |
36,45 (23-48) |
No subjective symptoms 27,27% Nasal obstruction 63,64% Pain radiating towards ear 9,09% |
Yes (8 subjects) |
Roentgen therapy |
| Our cases | / | 2 1/1 |
36,5 (32-41) |
Nasal obstruction Rhinorrhea Snoring Anosmia |
Yes | Local therapy Systemic therapy (hydroxychloroquine and prednisone) |