Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 13.
Published in final edited form as: Stat Med. 2020 Dec 14;40(5):1306–1320. doi: 10.1002/sim.8842
Category 1: true outcome events that cannot be contaminated by ascertainment bias,
Category 2: events that should meet the outcome definition but may fail to in the presence of ascertainment bias, and
Category 3: events that should not meet the outcome definition and can be mimicked by Category 2 outcomes via bias.