. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 13.

Published in final edited form as: Health Aff (Millwood). 2021 Oct;40(10):1605–1611. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2021.00776

EXHIBIT 4.

Changes in postpartum measures for low-income birthing people associated with Medicaid expansion, by birth period, 2011-18

	Postpartum measures^a
Birth periods	Medicaid coverage	Depressive symptoms	Well-being
2011–13	Ref	Ref	Ref
2014–18 versus 2011–13	9.0^*	−0.0	0.9

2013	Ref	Ref	Ref
2012 versus 2013	−3.1^*	−1.4	−1.2
2014–15 versus 2013	8.6^**	−0.4	0.4
2016–18 versus 2013	6.5	−1.0	0.1

Observations^b	56,838	56,219	56,219

SOURCE Authors’ analysis of data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2012–18. NOTES N = 56,965 observations in eighteen states. Reference value is 0. Some birth periods are presented in two-year ranges because some states did not report data for all years; see the text for more details.

Difference-in-differences estimates in percentage points. Models controlled for years of education, age, race and ethnicity, marital status, parity, and state and year fixed effects.

Of these observations, 127 were missing Medicaid coverage, and 746 were missing depressive symptoms and well-being.

p < 0.10

^**

p < 0.05