Table 4.
GRADE Evidence Profile for Clinical Outcomes
| Quality Assessment | Summary of Findings | Certainty in Estimates | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study Event Rates | Relative Risk or Average (CI 95%) | Anticipated Absolute Effects | |||||||||
| No of Participants (studies) Follow-Up in Days | Risk of Bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Publication Bias | Control | Ketamine | Controla | Ketamine | ||
| Pain Average at one week after treatment (p < 0.00001) | |||||||||||
| 182 (5) 04–12 weeks |
No serious limitations | Serious limitationsa | No serious limitations | Serious imprecisionb | Undetected | Average 2.14 pain reduction (2.65 less to 1.63 less) compared to control | XXOO LOW |
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| Pain Average at two weeks after treatment (p = 0.0005) | |||||||||||
| 152 (5) 02–12 weeks |
No serious limitations | Serious limitationsa | No serious limitations | Serious imprecisionc | Undetected | Average 1.30 pain reduction (2.04 less to 0.57 less) compared to control | XXXO VERY LOW |
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| Pain Average at four weeks after treatment (p < 0.00001) | |||||||||||
| 122 (4) 04–12 weeks |
No serious limitations | Serious limitationsa | No serious limitations | Serious imprecisionc | Undetected | Average 1.68 pain reduction (2.25 less to 1.12 less) compared to control | XXXO VERY LOW |
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| Psychedelic effects (p=0.0007) | |||||||||||
| 266 (9) 01–90 days |
No serious limitations | No serious limitations | No serious limitations | Serious imprecisionc | Undetected | 8/134 | 56/132 | 4.94 (2.76–8.84) | 200 per 1000d | 788 more per 1000 | XXOO LOW |
| Discomfort (p=0.03) | |||||||||||
| 40 (2) 01–03 weeks |
No serious limitations | No serious limitations | No serious limitations | Serious imprecisionc | Undetected | 2/20 | 12/20 | 4.06 (1.18–13.95) | 167 per 1000e | 511 more per 1000 | XXOO LOW |
Notes: Table Representing the Quality of the Evidence and Summary of Findings. aSerious limitations due to high heterogeneity (I2>60%). bSerious imprecision due to less than 400 patients/events. cSerious imprecision due to wide confidence intervals and less than 400 patients/events. dBased on data from Niesters, 2013. eBased on data from Kvarnstrom, 2003.