Table 3.

Risk factor candidates for ACL injury assessed during side-cutting (joint angles, joint moments, and EMG activation) and in lower limb strength testing (MVC)

	RR (95% CI)
	Unadjusted	P value	Adjusted for sport	P value
Knee flexion angle at IC (°)§	0.47 (0.16–1.35)	0.159	0.43 (0.13–1.45)	n.s.
Hip flexion angle at IC (°)§	0.61 (0.39–0.99)	0.032	0.56 (0.34–0.92)	0.021
Knee adduction angle at IC (°)#	0.97 (0.76–1.23)	0.804	0.97 (0.77–1.24)	n.s.
Knee internal rotation angle at IC (°)#	1.12 (1.07–1.18)	< 0.001	1.13 (1.08–1.19)	< 0.001
Knee flexion moment (Nm/kg BW)*	1.01 (0.90–1.13)	0.878	1.00 (0.89–1.14)	n.s.
Hip flexion moment (Nm/kg BW)*	1.01 (0.96–1.07)	0.652	1.01 (0.96–1.07)	n.s.
Knee adduction moment (Nm/kg BW)*	0.90 (0.81–1.00)	0.050	0.90 (0.80–1.00)	n.s.
Hip internal rotation moment (Nm/kg BW)*	1.14 (0.77–1.69)	0.509	1.15 (0.77–1.73)	n.s.
Knee flexion MVC (N/kg BW)*	1.00 (0.89–1.12)	0.928	1.00 (0.88–1.13)	n.s.
Hip extension MVC (N/kg BW)*	1.03 (0.94–1.12)	0.558	1.04 (0.93–1.15)	n.s.
Hip abduction MVC (N/kg BW)*	0.89 (0.76–1.05)	0.161	0.89 (0.75–1.06)	n.s.
Hip external rotation MVC (N/kg BW)*	0.77 (0.68–0.89)	< 0.0001	0.77 (0.66–0.89)	0.001
Vastus lateralis (% of max EMG)§	0.84 (0.60–1.19)	0.332	0.85 (0.63–1.16)	n.s.
Vastus medialis (% of max EMG)§	0.79 (0.57–1.09)	0.149	0.79 (0.56–1.11)	n.s.
Biceps femoris (% of max EMG)§	0.68 (0.37–1.23)	0.196	0.67 (0.36–1.23)	n.s.
Semitendinosus (% of max EMG)§	0.65 (0.50–0.86)	0.002	0.62 (0.43–0.89)	0.010

Results from Poisson regression analyses

IC initial contact, MVC maximal isometric voluntary contraction, N Newton, BW body weight, EMG electromyography, RR relative risk, CI confidence interval, n.s. non-significant

*RR represents per 0.1 unit increase in outcome measure

^#RR value represents per 1 increase in outcome measure

^§RR value represents per 10 unit increase in outcome measure