Table 1.
Characteristics of Child Household Contacts (n=303) of RR-TB and their Adult Index Participants and Households (N=152)*
| Characteristics | Index Participants/ Households N=152 |
Household Contacts N=303 |
|---|---|---|
| Individual Characteristics | ||
| Country (Number of Sites): N (%) | ||
| Botswana (1) | 7 (5%) | 18 (6%) |
| Haiti (1) | 6 (4%) | 15 (5%) |
| India (2) | 23 (15%) | 36 (12%) |
| Peru (2) | 39 (26%) | 73 (24%) |
| South Africa (7) | 73 (48%) | 156 (51%) |
| Thailand (1) | 4 (3%) | 5 (2%) |
| Sex: N (%) | ||
| Male | 72 (47%) | 155 (51%) |
| Female | 80 (53%) | 148 (49%) |
| Age (years): median (range), IQR, N (%) | ||
| median (range) | 34 (18, 67) | 7 (0, 14) |
| interquartile range | (24, 41) | (3, 10) |
| <5 | 102 (34%) | |
| 5-9 | 112 (37%) | |
| 10-14 | 89 (29%) | |
| 18-24 | 39 (26%) | |
| 25-34 | 41 (27%) | |
| 35-49 | 51 (34%) | |
| ≥50 | 21 (14%) | |
| Age (years)/Currently or Ever in School: N (%) | N/A | |
| Age <5 | 102 (34%) | |
| Age 5-14, Currently or Ever in School | 187 (62%) | |
| Age 5-14, Never in School | 14 (5%) | |
| Smoking Status: N (%) | ||
| Current | 31 (20%) | 1 (<1%) |
| Previous/Never | 121 (80%) | 302 (>99%) |
| HIV Status: N (%) | ||
| HIV-positive | 57 (38%) | 6 (2%) |
| HIV-negative | 87 (57%) | 180 (59%) |
| Unknown | 8 (5%) | 117 (39%) |
| History of Previous TB before Current Diagnosis (Index Participant) or Previous TB Treatment (HHC): N (%) | ||
| Yes | 77 (51%) | 9 (3%) |
| No/unknown | 75 (49%) | 294 (97%) |
| Duration of Index Participant TB Treatment at Enrollment of Index Participant or HHC (days): median (range), IQR | ||
| median (range) | 56 (1, 190) | 68 (2, 239) |
| interquartile range | (20, 119) | (21, 116) |
| TB Preventive Therapy (HHC): N (%) | ||
| Current | 20 (7%) | |
| Previous | 29 (10%) | |
| Never | 254 (84%) | |
| Any Signs or Symptoms Consistent with TB (HHC): N (%) | N/A | |
| Yes | 69 (23%) | |
| No | 234 (77%) | |
| Cavitation on Chest X-raya: N (%) | ||
| Yes | 46 (30%) | 1 (<1%) |
| No | 60 (39%) | 54 (18%) |
| Unknown | 46 (30%) | 248 (82%) |
| Smear Status (Diagnosis for Index Participant and Current for HHC)a: N (%) | ||
| Positive | 76 (50%) | 2 (1%) |
| Negative | 38 (25%) | 91 (30%) |
| Unknown | 38 (25%) | 210 (69%) |
| Bacteriological Confirmation (Culture or Molecular Test)a: N (%) | ||
| Yes | 152 (100%) | 4 (1%) |
| No | 0 (0%) | 89 (29%) |
| Not Done/No Result | 0 (0%) | 210 (69%) |
| IGRA Result: N (%) | NA | |
| Positive | 160 (53%) | |
| Negative | 119 (39%) | |
| Indeterminate/Borderline | 4 (1%) | |
| Unknown | 20 (7%) | |
| Household Characteristics | ||
| Number of Household Members: median (range), IQR | ||
| median (range) | 6 (2, 22) | |
| interquartile range | (5, 8) | |
| Housing Type: N (%) | ||
| House | 102 (67%) | |
| Apartment/Unit off Open Hall or Courtyard | 10 (7%) | |
| Other | 40 (26%) | |
| Flooring Material: N (%) | ||
| Hardwood/Vinyl or Ceramic Tile/Carpet | 62 (41%) | |
| Planks/Cement/Dirt/Other | 89 (59%) | |
| Unknown | 1 (1%) | |
| Exterior Wall Material: N (%) | ||
| Brick or Cinderblock/Stone with Mortar | 115 (76%) | |
| Other | 36 (24%) | |
| Unknown | 1 (<1%) | |
| Any Smoking in Household: N (%) | ||
| Yes | 58 (38%) | |
| No | 92 (61%) | |
| Unknown | 2 (1%) | |
| Relationship of Index Participant to Child HHC and TB Exposure Characteristics | ||
| Relationship of IP to HHC: N (%) | ||
| Mother | 58 (19%) | |
| Father | 39 (13%) | |
| Other | 206 (68%) | |
| Sleeping Proximity of IP to HHC: N (%) | ||
| Same Room, Same Bed | 41 (14%) | |
| Same Room, Different Bed | 82 (27%) | |
| Different Room | 180 (59%) | |
| Relationship/Sleeping Proximity of IP with HHC: N (%) | ||
| Mother/Father, Same Room | 64 (21%) | |
| Mother/Father, Different Room | 33 (11%) | |
| Other Relationship, Same Room | 59 (19%) | |
| Other Relationship, Different Room | 147 (49%) | |
Percentages do not always total to 100% due to rounding.
Abbreviations and definitions: IP, index participant; HHC, household contact; N, number; IQR, interquartile range (25th and 75th percentiles); range (minimum and maximum); NA, not available.
For index participants, the AFB sputum smear and TB diagnostic testing was done at the time of TB diagnosis by routine the TB program prior to study entry. For HHCs without a current diagnosis of TB prior to study entry the protocol requirement for specimen collection for smear microscopy and TB diagnostic testing depended on their age: for those age > 5 years, a specimen was required if the HHC had symptoms consistent with TB or an abnormal chest X-ray, and for HHCs age ≤ 5 years, a specimen was required if disease status was unknown. Despite this, 74 (60%) of children age ≤ 5 years did not have a specimen collected.