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. 2022 Apr 13;13:1987. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-29643-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Geographic distributions of sampling locations for three lineages. b Coalescent-based species tree reconstructed using 6321 strictly orthologous nuclear gene groups by ASTRAL. The support values are estimated by local posterior probability. c Phylogeny of all re-sequenced samples based on analyses of nuclear SNPs. The bootstrap values for interspecific nodes were all 100. d Ks distributions between members of each pair of species. Betula pendula (Bpe) was used as the outgroup to date the times of divergence between it and Ostrya rehderiana (Ore), Carpinus viminea (Cvi), and C. fangiana (Cfa). The estimated divergence times are shown in (c). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.