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. 2022 Mar 31;9:819915. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.819915

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Copyright © 2022 Hagendorff and Stöbe.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Illustration of the dynamics of geometric regurgitant orifice area (GROA) in a patient with primary mitral regurgitation by 3D transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). On the left side the sectional plane of a TEE long axis view is shown. The dotted line represents the cutting plane of the en-face view to the GROA. The direction of view is illustrated by the yellow arrow. AV, aortic valve; LV, left ventricle; PML, posterior mitral leaflef. Right to this 2D image six consecutive 3D-en-face views to the GROA are presented illustrating the maximum GROA at end systole.