Table 4.

Linear regression analysis for subcutaneous fat thickness in males (N = 78)

Dependent variable	Independent variable*	β	R	R2	p
Anterior forearm	BMI	0.331	0.456	0.208	0.003
	Vitamin D deficiency	0.218			0.048
Anterior arm	BMI	0.542	0.586	0.344	< 0.001
	Vitamin D deficiency	0.174			0.077
Anterior thigh	Age	− 0.278	0.581	0.337	< 0.001
	BMI	0.553			0.020

A p value of < 0.05 was accepted as statistical significance

β, standardized coefficients; R, correlation coefficient; R², coefficient of determination; BMI, body mass index

^*Independent variables included age, BMI, smoking and exercise statuses, presence of vitamin D deficiency, season (April–October vs. November–March), and using vitamin D treatment