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Activation and effects of γδ T cells in the pathophysiology process of CIS. Upon activated by IL-23, IL-1β and IL-18, infiltrated γδ T cells are stimulated to produce IL-17a, IL-21, IL-22, and IFN-γ. They participate in the pathophysiological process of CIS, involving promoting BBB breakdown, neutrophil infiltration, neuronal cell apoptosis and autophagy, and so on, leading to affected brain tissue damage and neurological deficit.
