Table 2.
NLST documented demographic factors ( f1 to f12 )and clinical radiologic risk factors ( f13 to f21 )
| Variable | Subcategory | *Group-1 | *Group-2 | *Group-3 | *Group-4 | ** P 1 | ** P 2 | ** P 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Per-Subject | N=33 | N=20 | N=50 | N=70 | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| Gender (f1) | female | 18 | 10 | 21 | 31 | |||
| Male | 15 | 10 | 29 | 39 | 1.000 | 0.736 | 0.400 | |
| Age (f2) | 62.8±5.7 | 64.6±5.1 | 60.6±5.2 | 61.7±5.4 | 0.516 | 0.142 | 0.348 | |
| Race (f3) | White | 32 | 20 | 48 | 68 | |||
| other | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.999 | |
| Ethnicity (f4) | Hispanic/Latino | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |||
| other | 33 | 20 | 48 | 68 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.999 | |
| Packs/yr (f5) | 61.5±20.5 | 65.3±29.6 | 61.6±39.3 | 62.7±36.6 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.834 | |
| Smoke | Starting Age (f6) | 16.5±3.6 | 16.4±3.1 | 16.5±3.8 | 16.5±3.6 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.939 |
| Years (f7) | 43.0±5.6 | 43.3±6.7 | 37.5±7.5 | 39.2±7.7 | 1.000 | 0.0006 | 0.005 | |
| BMI (f8) | 26.2±3.7 | 27.0±4.4 | 27.5±4.9 | 27.4±4.7 | 1.000 | 0.302 | 0.168 | |
| Emphysema (f9) | 5 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 0.144 | 0.370 | 0.071 | |
| Medical | COPD (f10) | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.540 |
| History | Emphysema/COPD | 6 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 0.466 | 0.370 | 0.168 |
| (E-COPD) (f11) | ||||||||
| Family (f12) | 7 | 5 | 11 | 16 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.810 | |
| Per-Nodule | N=45 | N=44 | N=77 | N=121 | ||||
|
| ||||||||
| Upper-Lobe (f13) | 27 | 32 | 34 | 66 | 0.526 | 0.266 | 0.599 | |
| Attenuation | Soft (f14) | 31 | 5 | 48 | 53 | <0.001 | 1.000 | <0.001 |
| GGO (f15) | 5 | 29 | 17 | 46 | <0.001 | 0.301 | <0.001 | |
| Mix (f16) | 9 | 10 | 12 | 22 | 0.800 | 1.000 | 0.824 | |
| Size (f17) | 12.1±5.6 | 11.4±6.2 | 7.3±3.0 | 8.8±4.8 | 1.000 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Margin | Spiculated (f18) | 18 | 1 | 5 | 6 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Smooth (f19) | 11 | 14 | 52 | 66 | 0.972 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Poor (f20) | 12 | 23 | 13 | 36 | 0.012 | 0.612 | 0.596 | |
| Undetermined (f21) | 4 | 6 | 7 | 13 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.999 | |
*
Group-1, 2, 3, 4 are Invasive, Preinvasive, Benign, and group of Preinvasive and Benign nodules, respectively.
**
P1, P2, P3: P-value of the differences between Group-1 and Group-2, Group-3 and Group-4, respectively. The values of P1, P2 were corrected for Bonferroni multiple comparisons (N=2).
-Age, Smoke history, BMI and Size are shown as mean±standard deviation; the P values of their differences are calculated by Student’s t-test. The integers are the number of the subjects or nodules and compared by Fisher Exact Test (P value).