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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 14.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Med Chem. 2020;27(9):1420–1443. doi: 10.2174/0929867326666190805151654

Table 5.

Known antiviral activities of human defensins against HIV [21].

Virus\Defensin HNP1 HNP2 HNP3 HNP4 HD5 HD6 HBD1 HBD2 HBD3 HBD4
HIV-I Binds to CD4 and gp120, downregulates CD4 and CXCR4 expression, induces expression of CCR5 ligands, inhibits PKC activation, prevents viral entry Binds to CD4 and gp120, downregulates CD4 expression, induces expression of CCR5 ligands Binds to gp120 Binds to CD4 and gp120 E E U Binds to virus, competes with virus for HSPGs, downregulates CXCR4, induces APOBEC3G expression Binds to virus, competes with virus for HSPGs, downregulates CXCR4 *

E: Tested HDP enhanced viral infection, NE: Tested HDP had no effect, U: Antiviral mechanism is undetermined,

*:

Yet to be tested.

Table shows most common result of HDP antiviral test.