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. 2022 Mar 31;12:863043. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.863043

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Copyright © 2022 Yan, Guo, Zhang, Zhang, Shen and Li

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase; RAS, rat sarcoma; RAF, v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene; MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase.