Figure 3.
Risk of bias for nonrandomized studies using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies—of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. *Domains: D1 = bias due to confounding; D2 = bias due to selection of participants; D3 = bias in classification of interventions; D4 = bias due to deviations from intended interventions; D5 = bias due to missing data; D6 = bias in measurement of outcomes; D7 = bias in selection of the reported result.