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. 2022 Mar 31;13:782096. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.782096

TABLE 2.

Characteristics of the eligible studies included in the meta-analysis.

Study No. of participants (R/A) Gender (M/F) Age (years) Course of disease (years) Interventions Comparison group Outcomes Intergroup differences
Wang and Chen (2013) T:75/75 Data lost Data lost NR plus Caltrate D (1.5 g calcium carbonate and 125u vitamin D3) 1# qd, p.o BMD p < 0.05
C:75/75 VAS p < 0.05
Fang (2013) T:50/49 T:22/28 T:73.34 ± 6.85 T:12.87 ± 11.36 plus Alendronate tablet BMD, p < 0.05
C:46/44 C:20/26 C:74.12 ± 6.69 C:13.79 ± 10.03 10mg, qd, p.o ER, Adverse events p < 0.05
Zhu et al. (2014a) T:40/40 T:12/28 T:58–82 (68.6) NR plus Caltrate D BMD p < 0.05
C:40/40 C:13/27 C:56–81 (67.2) 600mg, qd, p.o PRT p < 0.05
Zhu et al. (2014b) T:40/40 T:12/28 T:58–82 (68.6) NR plus Caltrate D ER p < 0.05
C:40/40 C:13/27 C:56-81(67.2) 600mg, qd, p.o IL-6 p > 0.05
Dai et al. (2016) T:30/30 0/59 T:56. 97 ± 3. 89 NR plus placebo capsules 3# bid, p.o BMD NR
C:30/29 C:56.73 ± 4.26 Caltrate D 600mg, qd, p.o
Zhou (2016) T:30/30 0/59 T:56. 97 ± 3. 89 NR plus placebo capsules 3# bid, p.o VAS NR
C:30/29 C:56.73 ± 4.26 Caltrate D 600mg, qd, p.o ER
Zeng (2017) T:33/33 T:6/27 65–92 NR plus Salmon Calcitonin Injection BMD p = 0.014
C:34/34 C:5/29 50iu, i.m Adverse events NR
Ca2+ p = 0.000
IL-6 p = 0.003
VAS p = 0.001
Liu (2019) T:61/61 T:16/45 T:67.46 ± 4.32 T:17.67 ± 2.13 alone Calcium Carbonate - Vitamin D3 Tablets BMD p < 0.05
C:61/61 C:20/41 C:68.66 ± 6.21 C:16.21 ± 1.98 (Ca 600mg/Vitamin D3 125 u) P p < 0.05
1# bid, p.o Ca2+ p < 0.05
ALP p < 0.05
Wang (2002) T:150/150 NR T:59.5 ± 5.7 NR alone Gaitianli (Oyster Shell Calcium Carbonate Chewable Tablets) BMD, Adverse events NR
C:74/74 C:59.5 ± 6.6 200mg, tid, p.o E2 p < 0.01
Ca2+ p > 0.05
ER p < 0.05
Zeng et al. (2017) T:45/45 T:15/30 T:74.5 ± 3.3 NR alone Calcitriol Capsules BMD p < 0.05
C:45/45 C:15/30 C:74.3 ± 3.2 0.25ug, bid, p.o ER p < 0.05
PRT p < 0.05
VAS p < 0.05
Bai (2009) T:28/24 T:0/24 51–63 NR alone Alendronate Sodium Tablets BMD p > 0.05
C:22/19 C:0/19 70mg, qw, p.o ALP p > 0.05
IL-6 p > 0.05
E2 p > 0.05
ER p < 0.01
Zhao (2003) T:15/15 T:0/15 NR alone Premarin (Conjugated equine estrogens) BMD NR
C:10/10 C:0/10 NR 0.625mg, qd, p.o Ca2+ p < 0.05
PRT NR
ER NR
P p > 0.05
ALP p < 0.05

R = number of subjects randomized; A = number of subjects analyzed.

ALP, alkaline phosphatase; alone: Epimedium treatment alone; bid, bis in die; Ca2+, blood calcium ion; E2, Estradiol; ER, effective rate; g, gramme; IL-6, interleukin 6; im, intramuscular injection; M, months; NR, Not report; P, blood phosphorus; plus: Epimedium treatment plus conventional pharmaceutical treatment (the same as drugs in comparison group); p. o., per os; PRT, pain relief time; qd, quaque die; qw: once a week; T/C, treatment group/control group; tid, ter in die; VAS, visual analog scale.