TABLE 6.
Summarized results of subgroup analyses.
| Outcomes | Experimental group | Control group | Subgroup | Trial (n) | Sample size (n) | Effect estimate WMD/RR (95%CI) | I2 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMD | plus | CPT or CPT plus Epimedium placebo | Dosage forms | — | — | — | — | — |
| Epimedium granules | 2 | 147 | 1.73 (−1.07, 4.53) | 98% | <0.00001 | |||
| Epimedium decoction | 1 | 150 | 2.33 (1.92, 2.75) | NA | <0.00001 | |||
| Extractum Tablet of Epimedium | 1 | 96 | 0.50 (0.09, 0.91) | NA | 0,02 | |||
| Epimedium capsules | 1 | 59 | 0.05 (−0.46, 0.56) | NA | 0.86 | |||
| Duration of the intervention | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| ≤3 months | 1 | 67 | 0.31 (−0.17, 0.79) | NA | 0.2 | |||
| >3 months | 4 | 385 | 1.50 (0.16, 2.84) | 97% | 0.03 | |||
| alone | CPT | Dosage forms | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Epimedium granules | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Epimedium decoction | 5 | 504 | 0.42 (0.10, 0.74) | 60% | 0.009 | |||
| Extractum Tablet of Epimedium | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Epimedium capsules | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Duration of the intervention | 0 | — | — | — | — | |||
| ≤3 months | 2 | 212 | 0.68 (0.25, 1.11) | 58% | 0.002 | |||
| >3 months | 3 | 292 | 0.18 (−0.06, 0.42) | 0% | 0.14 | |||
| Effective rate | plus | CPT or CPT plus Epimedium placebo | Dosage forms | — | — | — | — | — |
| Epimedium granules | 1 | 80 | 1.48 (1.15, 1.91) | NA | 0.003 | |||
| Epimedium decoction | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Extractum Tablet of Epimedium | 1 | 93 | 1.15 (0.97, 1.37) | NA | 0.1 | |||
| Epimedium capsules | 1 | 59 | 1.32 (0.98, 1.78) | NA | 0.07 | |||
| Duration of the intervention | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| ≤3 months | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | |||
| >3 months | 3 | 232 | 1.29 (1.13, 1.48) | 28% | 0.0001 | |||
| alone | CPT | Dosage forms | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Epimedium granules | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Epimedium decoction | 4 | 382 | 1.31 (1.16, 1.48) | 17% | <0.0001 | |||
| Extractum Tablet of Epimedium | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Epimedium capsules | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Duration of the intervention | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| ≤3 months | 1 | 90 | 1.21 (1.00, 1.46) | NA | NA | |||
| >3 months | 3 | 292 | 1.35 (1.16, 1.57) | 25% | <0.0001 |
Alone: epimedium treatment alone; NA, not applicable; plus: epimedium treatment plus conventional pharmaceutical treatment (the same as drugs in comparison group).