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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Nurs Adm. 2022 Feb 1;52(2):73–80. doi: 10.1097/NNA.0000000000001106

Table 2.

Descriptive Summary

Variable Intent to Leave Primary Reason for Leaving
N = 724 n = 246
Yes n = 353 (49%) No n = 371 (51%) Nonpreventable n = 99 (40%) Preventable n = 109 (44%) Other n = 38 (15%) Pairwise Post Hoc Comparison
Mean ± SD Mean ± SD P Cohen d Effect Size Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD P η2 Effect Size Preventable vs Nonpreventa ble Preventable vs Other Other vs Nonpreventable
NPHA 2.53 ± 0.66 2.94 ± 0.62 <0.0001 0.64 2.79 ± 0.60 2.27 ± 0.63 2.62 ± 0.67 <0.0001 0.13 0.0000a 0.0210a 0.4820
NFQC 2.94 ± 0.53 3.26 ± 0.48 <0.0001 0.64 3.12 ± 0.45 2.76 ± 0.57 3.07 ± 0.55 <0.0001 0.10 0.0002a 0.0120a 1.0000
NMLS 2.56 ± 0.87 3.18 ± 0.69 <0.0001 0.79 2.88 ± 0.74 2.21 ± 0.86 2.48 ± 0.91 <0.0001 0.12 0.0000a 0.2900 0.0500a
SRA 2.59 ± 0.74 3.07 ± 0.66 <0.0001 0.69 2.70 ± 0.71 2.47 ± 0.75 2.68 ± 0.80 0.1020 0.02 0.1200 0.5400 1.0000
CNPR 2.98 ± 0.64 3.27 ± 0.61 0.0000 0.47 3.08 ± 0.61 2.86 ± 0.68 3.04 ± 0.70 0.0721 0.02 0.0770 0.5570 1.0000
Composite 2.72 ± 0.54 3.14 ± 0.49 <0.0001 0.82 2.92 ± 0.47 2.52 ± 0.54 2.78 ± 0.57 <0.0001 0.11 0.0000a 0.0420a 0.5430
n (%) n (%) P Cramer V n (%) n (%) n (%) P Cramer V Preventable vs Nonpreventable Preventable vs Other Other vs Nonpreventable
Unit type
 Adult ICU 41 (52) 44 (48) 1.000 <0.01 6 (33) 10 (56) 2 (11) 0.7134 0.06 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
 Adult Med-Surg 312 (49) 327 (51) 93 (41) 99 (43) 36 (16)
Position
 RN 325 (51) 308 (49) 0.0003 0.13 99 (45) 85 (38) 38 (17) <0.0001 0.37 <0.0001a 0.0011a 1.0000
 LPN 28 (31) 63 (69) 0 (0) 24 (100) 0 (0)

Effect size is Cramer V for binary variables: small, ~0.1; medium, ~0.3; large, ~0.5 or greater; Cohen d correlation for continuous variables: small, ~0.2; medium, ~0.5; large, ~0.8, and η2 for ANOVA: ~0.01, small; ~0.06, medium, and >0.14, large. P values are reported for the pairwise post hoc comparison.

Abbreviations: CNPR, Collegial Nurse-Physician Relationships; Med-Surg, medical, surgical or combined medical surgical units; NFQC, Nursing Foundations of Quality Care; NMLS, Nurse Manager Ability, Leadership, and Support for Nurses; NPHA, Nurse Participation in Hospital Affairs; SRA, Staffing and Resource Adequacy.

a

Significant variation.