Table 1.
Characteristics of the included trials and participants.
| Included studies | Continent | N (Vitamin D vs. placebo or no treatment) | Gender (male vs. female) | Age, y (IQR or SD)a | HIV infection status |
VD oral intake dosage/ frequency |
Ca oral intake dosage | Treatment duration | Change of spine BMD (%)c (vitamin D vs. placebo or no treatment) | Change of hip BMD (%) (Vitamin D vs. placebo or no treatment) | Quality evaluation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Havens et al. (24) | America | 99 vs. 89 | 179 vs. 33 | 22.0 (21.0–23.0) | HIV-positive | 50,000 IU/4 W | 0 | 48 W | 1.15% (−0.75 to 2.74%) vs. 0.09% (−1.49 to 2.61%) | −0.17% (−2.12 to 1.73%) vs. −0.42% (−1.66 to 0.71%) | A |
| 2 | Overton et al. (25) | America | 79 vs. 86 | 149 vs. 16 | 36 (28–47) | HIV-positive | 4,000 IU/D | 1,000 mg | 48 W | −1.23% (−3.73 to 0.20%) vs. −2.94% (−4.87 to −0.94%) | −1.36% (−3.43 to 0.50%) vs. −3.22% (−5.56 to −0.88%) | A |
| 3 | Boontanondha et al. (26) | Thailand | 9 vs. 9 | 17 vs. 1 | 30.3 (±8.9) | HIV-positive | 20,000 IU/W | 1,250 mg | 24 W | −3.6% (−4.4 to −2.5%) vs. −4% (−4.9 to −1.3%) | −2.7% (−4.9 to −1.6%) vs. −2.8% (−4.3 to −2.5%) | B |
| 4 | Pornpaisalsakul et al. (21) | Thailand | 38 vs. 42 | 66 vs. 14 | 18 (17–20) | HIV-negative | 400 IU/D | 1,200 mg | 24 W | 0.05% (0–0.05%) vs. 0.03% (−0.1 to 0.03%) | NAb | B |
| 5 | Nct (22) | America | 79 vs. 86 | 149 vs. 16 | 18–65 | HIV-positive | 4,000 IU/D | 1,000 mg | 48 W | −1.41% (−3.78–0.00%) vs. −2.91% (−4.84 to −1.06%) | −1.46% (−3.16 to −0.40%) vs. −3.19% (−5.12 to −1.02%) | A |
| 6 | Puthanakit et al. (20) | Thailand | 24 vs. 24 | NA (49%) | 14.3 (13.0–15.5) | HIV-negative | 400 IU/D | 1,500 mg | 6 M | 0.65 (0.13–1.20) vs. −0.50 (−1.00%to−0.06) | NA | B |
| 7 | Kortenaar et al. (27) | Canada | 24 vs. 15 | 39 vs. 0 | 34 (29–40) | HIV-negative | 1,000 IU/D | 0–1,000 mg | 12 M | −2.11% (−2.61 to 1.40%) vs. −2.14% (−4.01 to −1.45%) | −0.89% (−2.76 to −0.09%) vs. −0.69% (−2.23 to 1.58%) | A |
aStands for mean age (±SD) for 30.3 (±8.9); stands for all for 18–65, stands for IQR (interquartile range) for others.
bNot available.
cChange of spine/hip BMD (bone mineral density) means the percentage increase.