(A) Experimental crossover protocol: all participants took part in 2 training session (session 1 and session 2). Each session was composed by two Testing phases (termed, ‘pre’ and ‘post’), separated by a Training phase (Spatial or Non-Spatial, across sessions). All phases were performed in monaural listening (i.e. with one ear plugged), but an additional testing phase at the beginning of session 1 measured performance in binaural listening. (B) Testing Phases. To the left, a schematic representation of participant wearing the HMD and holding the controller used for validation during head-pointing sound localization. The eight spheres in front of the participant indicate the pre-determined speaker positions, the loudspeaker held by the experimenter’s hand illustrates stimulation position in one example trial. To the right, a schematic representation of the setting for the audio-visual attention cueing task. (C) Training Phase. In the center, a schematic representation of participant wearing the HMD and holding the controller. Thirteen cylindrical visible speakers indicate the pre-determined positions during each of the training sessions. Below, a close-up of the scene as visible inside the HMD from participant’s perspective: during the task participant saw the virtual room, the visible speakers and the controller they held in their hand. Cartoons on either side illustrate example of the response’s movements performed during the Spatial (left) and Non-Spatial (right) training.