Table 2.
Characteristics of individuals with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, by vaccination status, at time of testing between March 1 and Nov 22, 2021
|
Rheumatoid arthritis |
Ankylosing spondylitis |
Psoriasis |
Inflammatory bowel disease |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unvaccinated (n=11 238) | At least one dose of mRNA-based vaccine (n=22 990) | Standardised difference* | Unvaccinated (n=2857) | At least one dose of mRNA-based vaccine (n=4470) | Standardised difference* | Unvaccinated (n=17 338) | At least one dose of mRNA-based vaccine (n=26 693) | Standardised difference* | Unvaccinated (n=11 246) | At least one dose of mRNA-based vaccine (n=18 159) | Standardised difference* | ||
| Tested positive for SARS-CoV-2† | 1332 (11·9%) | 720 (3·1%) | 0·34 | 320 (11·2%) | 140 (3·1%) | 0·32 | 2083 (12·0%) | 887 (3·3%) | 0·33 | 1084 (9·6%) | 554 (3·1%) | 0·27 | |
| Age, years | 55·9 (15·9) | 63·9 (16·7) | 0·50 | 48·6 (14·3) | 54·5 (16·6) | 0·38 | 48·1 (16·0) | 56·2 (18·4) | 0·47 | 46·4 (15·6) | 53·1 (18·6) | 0·39 | |
| Sex | |||||||||||||
| Male | 3062 (27·2%) | 5985 (26·0%) | 0·03 | 1421 (49·7%) | 2012 (45·0%) | 0·09 | 8129 (46·9%) | 11 268 (42·2%) | 0·09 | 5169 (46·0%) | 7489 (41·2%) | 0·10 | |
| Female | 8176 (72·8%) | 17 005 (74·0%) | 0·03 | 1436 (50·3%) | 2458 (55·0%) | 0·09 | 9209 (53·1%) | 15 425 (57·8%) | 0·09 | 6077 (54·0%) | 10 670 (58·8%) | 0·10 | |
| Number of tests in past 3 months‡ | |||||||||||||
| 0 | 8752 (77·9%) | 17 028 (74·1%) | 0·09 | 2188 (76·6%) | 3229 (72·2%) | 0·10 | 13 396 (77·3%) | 19 464 (72·9%) | 0·10 | 8419 (74·9%) | 12 953 (71·3%) | 0·08 | |
| 1 | 1726 (15·4%) | 3404 (14·8%) | 0·02 | 492 (17·2%) | 760 (17·0%) | 0·01 | 2820 (16·3%) | 4261 (16·0%) | 0·01 | 2018 (17·9%) | 3132 (17·2%) | 0·02 | |
| ≥2 | 760 (6·8%) | 2558 (11·1%) | 0·15 | 177 (6·2%) | 481 (10·8%) | 0·16 | 1122 (6·5%) | 2968 (11·1%) | 0·16 | 809 (7·2%) | 2074 (11·4%) | 0·15 | |
| Previous positive test >90 days since testing date | 161 (1·4%) | 473 (2·1%) | 0·05 | 35 (1·2%) | 93 (2·1%) | 0·07 | 253 (1·5%) | 599 (2·2%) | 0·06 | 134 (1·2%) | 329 (1·8%) | 0·05 | |
| Any comorbidity§ | 7556 (67·2%) | 17 685 (76·9%) | 0·22 | 1609 (56·3%) | 2896 (64·8%) | 0·17 | 9367 (54·0%) | 17 528 (65·7%) | 0·24 | 6061 (53·9%) | 11 367 (62·6%) | 0·18 | |
| Prior influenza vaccination¶ | 4467 (39·7%) | 13 568 (59·0%) | 0·39 | 1019 (35·7%) | 2310 (51·7%) | 0·33 | 5329 (30·7%) | 13 498 (50·6%) | 0·41 | 3621 (32·2%) | 9287 (51·1%) | 0·39 | |
| Neighbourhood income quintile‖ | |||||||||||||
| 1 (lowest) | 2555 (22·7%) | 4433 (19·3%) | 0·08 | 534 (18·7%) | 715 (16·0%) | 0·07 | 3340 (19·3%) | 4684 (17·5%) | 0·04 | 2036 (18·1%) | 2800 (15·4%) | 0·07 | |
| 2 | 2229 (19·8%) | 4467 (19·4%) | 0·01 | 564 (19·7%) | 775 (17·3%) | 0·06 | 3415 (19·7%) | 5134 (19·2%) | 0·01 | 2217 (19·7%) | 3412 (18·8%) | 0·02 | |
| 3 | 2224 (19·8%) | 4527 (19·7%) | 0·00 | 608 (21·3%) | 851 (19·0%) | 0·06 | 3474 (20·0%) | 5180 (19·4%) | 0·02 | 2317 (20·6%) | 3672 (20·2%) | 0·01 | |
| 4 | 2151 (19·1%) | 4699 (20·4%) | 0·03 | 575 (20·1%) | 982 (22·0%) | 0·05 | 3570 (20·6%) | 5597 (21·0%) | 0·01 | 2345 (20·9%) | 3822 (21·0%) | 0·00 | |
| 5 (highest) | 2033 (18·1%) | 4784 (20·8%) | 0·07 | 562 (19·7%) | 1126 (25·2%) | 0·13 | 3475 (20·0%) | 6008 (22·5%) | 0·06 | 2294 (20·4%) | 4395 (24·2%) | 0·09 | |
Data are n (%) or mean (SD), unless otherwise stated. Proportions might not add up to 100% due to rounding. Additional patient characteristics in the appendix (pp 15–17).
Values of >0·10 are considered to be clinically relevant differences.
Positive test by PCR at index test between March and November, 2021.
In the previous 3 months before COVID-19 immunisation programme started (on Dec 14, 2020).
Comorbidities include chronic respiratory diseases, chronic heart diseases, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, other immunocompromising illness, active cancer, advanced liver disease, dementia, frailty, and history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack.
Influenza vaccination during 2019–20 or 2020–21 influenza season, or both.
The sum of counts does not equal the column total because of individuals with missing information (<1·0%) for this characteristic.