Table 1.

Summary of adolescent and parent intervention timing and content

Lesson	Delivery/timing	Teen content/skills	Parent content/skills
Preoperative intervention phase
Lesson 1: Preparing for Surgery	4–6 weeks prior to surgery	Information on preparing for surgery Psychoeducation on relaxation strategies and training in deep breathing Information about the role of sleep in recovery and provision of strategies to improve sleep habits	Information on preparing for surgery Psychoeducation on relaxation strategies and training in deep breathing Information about the role of sleep in recovery and provision of strategies to improve teen sleep habits
Lesson 2: Coping with Stress before Surgery	2–4 weeks prior to surgery	Psychoeducation on cognitive strategies Training in cognitive skills (thought replacement, thought stopping) and “54321 mindfulness” (relaxation skill using five senses for grounding)	Psychoeducation on cognitive strategies Training in cognitive skills (thought replacement, thought stopping) and “54321 mindfulness” (relaxation skill using five senses for grounding) Strategies to enhance parent–child communication
Lesson 3: Getting Ready for the Hospital	1–2 weeks prior to surgery	Information on preparing for the hospital including developing a social connection plan Training in additional relaxation (i.e., imagery) and cognitive (i.e., distraction) strategies for managing anxiety and pain	Information on preparing for the hospital including developing a social connection plan Training in additional relaxation (i.e., imagery) and cognitive (i.e., distraction) strategies for managing anxiety and pain Information on preparing for hospital discharge
Postoperative intervention phase
Lesson 4: Coping at Home after Surgery	1 week postsurgery	Introduction to behavioral activation and training in pleasant activity scheduling to improve mood Review of thought restructuring Training in mindful breathing	Introduction to basic principles of self-care Introduction to behavioral activation and training in pleasant activity scheduling to improve teen mood Review of restructuring thoughts Training in mindful breathing
Lesson 5: Return to Activities and School	2–4 weeks postsurgery	Review of strategies to improve sleep habits Information about preparing to make transition back to school Goal setting and training in strategies to gradually increase physical activities (i.e., activity pacing) Training in “mini relaxation” and using relaxation strategies in school	Review of strategies to improve sleep habits Information about preparing to teen to make transition back to school Goal setting and training in strategies to gradually increase teen’s physical activities (i.e., activity pacing) Operant strategies to facilitate teen’s return to activities (praise, reinforcement) Training in “mini relaxation”
Lesson 6: Long-Term Recovery	6–8 weeks postsurgery	Review of skills Relapse prevention	Review of skills Relapse prevention