Table 1. Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes in patients who has ERCP with glucagon compared to individuals ERCP without glucagon.
| Before matching | After matching 1 | |||||
| Characteristic | ERCP + Gluc N = 9008 Mean (SD) or n (%) | ERCP no glucagon N = 256578 Mean (SD) or n (%) | P value | ERCP + Gluc N = 9008 Mean (SD) or n (%) | ERCP no glucagon N = 9008 Mean (SD) or n (%) | P value |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (SD) | 67.72 (11.05) | 68.10 (11.69) | < 0.001 | 67.72 (11.05) | 67.79 (11.02) | 0.67 |
| Female | 4846 (53.80) | 140785 (54.87) | 0.04 | 4846 (53.80) | 4811 (53.41) | 0.60 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| HTN | 3401 (37.76) | 70673 (27.54) | < 0.001 | 3401 (37.76) | 3112 (34.55) | < 0.001 |
| DM | 6446 (71.56) | 162541 (63.35) | < 0.001 | 6446 (71.56) | 6439 (71.48) | 0.91 |
| Obesity | 2016 (22.38) | 34392 (13.40) | < 0.001 | 2016 (22.38) | 1632 (18.12) | < 0.001 |
| COPD | 6842 (75.96) | 157115 (61.24) | < 0.001 | 6842 (75.96) | 6864 (76.20) | 0.71 |
| CKD | 2550 (28.31) | 48562 (18.93) | < 0.001 | 2550 (28.31) | 2569 (28.52) | 0.75 |
| IHD | 4057 (45.04) | 78282 (30.51) | < 0.001 | 4057 (45.04) | 4032 (44.76) | 0.71 |
| Radiology | ||||||
| CT abdomen and pelvis | 2856 (31.71) | 60069 (23.41) | < 0.001 | 2856 (31.71) | 2833 (31.45) | 0.71 |
| Medications | ||||||
| Opioid use | 1923 (21.35) | 36829 (14.35) | < 0.001 | 1923 (21.35) | 1927 (21.39) | 0.94 |
| indomethacin | 496 (5.51) | 10433 (4.07) | 0.10 | 496 (5.51) | 583 (6.47) | 0.09 |
ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; SD, standard deviation; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; ID, ischemic heart disease.
1
A 1:1 propensity score matching was done based on the following variables: age, gender, HTN, DM, obesity, CKD, IHD, and COPD.