Table 1. Study population characteristics.
| Study, year | Design, data collection period | Etiology of GOO (M = malignant, B = benign) | Type of malignancy (gastric = 1, duodenal = 2, ampullary = 3, pancreatic = 4, biliary = 5, others = 6) | EUS-GE technique (DP = direct puncture, AT = assisted)/ stent type | SGE technique (O = open, L = laparoscopic) | Prior interventions; Altered anatomy | Total patients | Gender (male) | Age (years) [mean (SD) unless specified] | |||
| EUS-GE | SGE | EUS-GE | SGE | EUS-GE | SGE | |||||||
| Perez-Miranda, 2017 | Retrospective, multicenter, Mar 2014 to Nov 2015 | M = 46/54, B = 8/54 | NR | DP = 6, AT = 19; Axios (hot 12, cold 13) | O = 2, L = 27 | EUS-GE: 18, SGE: 0; EUS-GE: 7, SGE: 0 | 25 | 29 | 11/25 | 22/29 | 63.9 | 75.8 |
| Khashab, 2017 | Retrospective, multicenter, Jan 2013 to Aug 2015 | M = 93, B = 0 | EUS-GE: G 5, A 2, P 17, B 2, O 4; SGE: A 9, D 1, P 53 | DP = 2, AT = 28; Axios (hot 21, cold 7), Niti-S Spaxus 2 | O = 63, L = 0 | NR | 30 | 63 | 17/30 | 32/63 | 70 (13.3) | 68 (9.6) |
| Widmer, 2019 (abs) | Retrospective, single-center, Jan 15 to Nov 18 | M = 24, B = 0 | EUS: P 4, D 1, G 1, O 3; SGE: P 4, D 3, G 1, A 1, B 2, O 2. | DP = 6, AT = 4; S; Axios (hot) 10 | O = 11, L = 3 | NR | 10 | 14 | 5/10 | 5/14 | 63 (range 40–94) | 68 (range 47–86) |
| Marya, 2020 (abs) | Retrospective, multicenter, Jun 2005 to Nov 2019 | EUS-GE: M = 137, B = 34; SGE: M = 24, B = 15 | NR | NR | NR | EUS-GE: 22, SGE: 21; EUS-GE: 8, SGE: 8 | 172 | 39 | 104/172 | 20/39 | 62.4 (11.8) | 63.9 (13.7) |
| Bondi, 2020 (abs) | Retrospective, single-center, 2000 to 2019 | M = 52, B = 0 | EUS-GE: G 2, D 1, P 4, B 5, O 6; SGE: G 8, D 4, P 11, B 1, O 10 | NR; Axios (hot) 18 | NR | NR | 18 | 34 | 8/18 | 16/34 | 64 (11) | 61.3 (14) |
| Kouanda, 2021 | Retrospective, single-center, Jan 2014 to Feb 2020 | M = 50, B = 16 | EUS-GE: P 26, B 3, G 0, D 1, A 1, O 5; SGE: P 3, B 1, G 8, D 1, A 0, O 1 | DP = 40, AT = 0; NR | O = 26, L = 0 | EUS-GE: 9, SGE: 7; NR | 40 | 26 | 23/40 | 15/26 | 70.5 (11.5) | 69.7 (15.4) |
| Bronswijk, 2021 | Retrospective, multi-center, Jan 2015 to May 2020 | EUS-GE: 74; SGE: 41 | EUS-GE: P 37, B 9, G 7, D 11, A 0, O 8 ; SGE: P 14, B 2, G 5, D 10, A 1, O 4 | DP = 77, AT = 0; Axios (hot) 77 | O = 0, L = 48 | NR | 77 | 48 | 41/77 | 29/48 | 65 (12.3) | 66 (11.6) |
EUS-GE, endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy; NR, not reported; SD, standard deviation; SGE, surgical gastroenterostomy.