Table 2. Preoperative clinical data.
| Symptoms at diagnosis | Endoscopic SEA (13 patients) | Combined (5 patients) | Craniotomic (17 patients) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Proptosis | 13 | 100 | 5 | 100 | 4 | 23.5 |
| Diplopia | 6 | 46.1 | 4 | 80 | 5 | 29.4 |
| Visual deficits | 6 | 46.1 | 1 | 20 | 4 | 23.5 |
| OEM deficits | 4 | 30.8 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 17.6 |
| Visual-field deficits | 3 | 23.1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 17.6 |
| Pain | 1 | 7.7 | 3 | 60 | 2 | 11.8 |
| Epiphora | 4 | 30.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Epileptic seizure | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 11.8 |
| Other | 2 | 15.4 | 1 | 20 | 5 | 29.4 |
Abbreviations: OEM, ocular extrinsic muscle deficits; SEA, superior eyelid approach.