Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristic of the sample (n = 48).
| Chronic pain (n = 34) | No chronic pain (n = 14) | Significance | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD | 72 ± 6.78 | 74.50 ± 7.31 | 0.283 (t-test) |
| Sex, no. (%) | 0.072 (χ2) | ||
| Male | 8 (23.53%) | 7 (50%) | |
| Female | 26 (76.47%) | 7 (50%) | |
| Race, no. (%) | 0.651 (χ2) | ||
| Caucasian | 32 (94.12%) | 14 (100%) | |
| Other | 2 (5.88%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Education level, no. % | 0.067 (χ2) | ||
| High school | 10 (29.41%) | 3 (21.43%) | |
| Two year college | 7 (20.59%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Four year college | 7 (20.59%) | 1 (7.14%) | |
| Master's degree | 7 (20.59%) | 7 (50%) | |
| Doctorate's | 3 (8.82%) | 2 (14.29%) | |
| 1 missing data | |||
| Marital status, no. % | 0.559 (χ2) | ||
| Married | 17 (50%) | 7 (50%) | |
| Other | 17 (50%) | 5 (35.71%) | |
| 2 missing data | |||
| Income, no. % | 0.076 (χ2) | ||
| Less than $15,000 | 3 (8.82%) | 0 (0%) | |
| $15,000 to $25,000 | 5 (14.71%) | 1 (7.14%) | |
| $25,000 to $40,000 | 5 (14.71%) | 0 (0%) | |
| $40,000 to $55,000 | 8 (23.53%) | 1 (7.14%) | |
| $55,000 to $70,000 | 1 (2.94%) | 3 (21.43%) | |
| Higher than $70,000 | 12 (35.29%) | 6 (42.86%) | |
| 3 missing data | |||
| CES-D, mean ± SD | 7.26 ± 5.18 | 5.64 ± 4.65 | 0.298 (t-test) |
| PANAS positive | 34.21 ± 9.66 | 35.82 ± 6.11 | 0.525 (t-test) |
| PANAS negative | 11 ± 1.71 | 11 ± 1.79 | 1.00 (t-test) |
| STAI-trait | 28.67 ± 4.66 | 26.82 ± 3.82 | 0.204 (t-test) |
| STAI-state | 26.24 ± 7.92 | 25.55 ± 4.91 | 0.733 (t-test) |
| MoCA, mean ± SD | 26.03 ± 2.61 | 27.29 ± 2.09 | 0.090 (t-test) |
| Total PSQI, mean ± SD | 6.88 ± 3.46 | 3.93 ± 3 | 0.006 ∗ (t-test) |
| Momentary pain intensity at MRI (0–100 scale), mean ± SD | 12.64 ± 15.20 | 1.14 ± 2.88 | 0.008 ∗ (t-test) |
Note. ∗significant p-value after Bonferroni correction (i.e., p=0.001).