TABLE 2.
Differences of before and after reading 2 h on a smartphone
| Light | Dark | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Circular | Linear | p value | Circular | Linear | p value | |
| OSDI | −0.90 ± 5.15 | 5.00 ± 5.37 | <0.001 | 0.42 ± 3.06 | 4.93 ± 5.37 | <0.001 |
| CVSS17 | 0.20 ± 4.42 | 4.40 ± 3.46 | <0.001 | −0.10 ± 2.41 | 3.10 ± 3.98 | <0.001 |
| CISS | 0.37 ± 2.12 | 2.80 ± 3.32 | <0.001 | 0.07 ± 2.14 | 3.77 ± 4.64 | <0.001 |
| VAS | 9.20 ± 10.08 | 19.43 ± 12.21 | <0.001 | 6.07 ± 9.83 | 19.73± 14.61 | <0.001 |
| CFF | −0.01 ± 0.88 | −1.09 ± 1.70 | 0.003 | 0.37 ± 1.11 | −1.15 ± 1.88 | <0.001 |
| TMH | 0.01 ± 0.06 | −0.06 ± 0.06 | <0.001 | 0.01 ± 0.06 | −0.04 ± 0.05 | <0.001 |
| NIBUT‐first | −0.21 ± 3.05 | −1.98 ± 3.42 | 0.006 | 0.82 ± 4.21 | −2.00 ± 3.73 | <0.001 |
| NIBUT‐ave | −0.20 ± 2.85 | −1.65 ± 2.76 | 0.011 | 0.80 ± 3.63 | −2.18 ± 3.19 | <0.001 |
| Bulbar redness | 0.05 ± 0.23 | 0.10 ± 0.24 | 0.394 | 0.03 ± 0.16 | 0.11 ± 0.22 | 0.009 |
| Palpebral redness | 0.00 ± 0.19 | 0.10 ± 0.21 | 0.034 | 0.06 ± 0.15 | 0.13 ± 0.14 | 0.005 |
| FTBUT | −0.44 ± 1.66 | −0.80 ± 1.36 | 0.165 | −0.60 ± 1.69 | −1.58 ± 2.30 | 0.017 |
| CFS | 0.05 ± 0.38 | 0.08 ± 0.38 | 0.639 | 0.03 ± 0.45 | 0.15 ± 0.40 | 0.078 |
| Schirmer I test | 2.08 ± 7.33 | −2.38 ± 6.44 | 0.007 | 0.19 ± 3.76 | −4.10 ± 7.16 | <0.001 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD.
Abbreviations: CFF, confusion flicker frequency; CFS, corneal fluorescein staining; CISS, Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey; CVSS, Computer Vision Syndrome Scale 17; FTBUT, fluorescein tear break‐up time; NIBUT‐ave, noninvasive break‐up time‐average; NIBUT‐first, noninvasive break‐up time‐first; OSDI, Ocular Surface Disease Index; TMH, tear meniscus height; VAS, visual analogue scale.