TABLE 1.

Brief summary of the current models in use

Lead author	Year	Multiscale	Disease	IL‐6 biology included	Digital twins	Treatment evaluated
Moya C. 13	2011	No	NAFLD	Yes	No	None
Peter L. 14	2017	Yes	IBD	Yes	No	None
Park A. 15	2020	No	CD	Yes	No	Anti IL12, anti TNFα
Iwakiri R. 16	2021	Yes	CD	Yes	Yes	Vedolizumab
Rogers K. 17	2021	Yes	IBD	Yes	Yes	Brazikumab, infliximab, PF‐04236921, ustekinumab
Wendelsdorf K. 18	2010	Yes	IBD	Yes	No	None
Dwivedi G. 19	2014	Yes	CD	Yes	No	Tocilizumab
Mei Y. 20	2015	Yes	IBD	Yes	No	None
Balbas‐Martinez V. 21	2018	Yes	IBD	Yes	No	Ustekinumab

Abbreviations: CD, Crohn’s disease; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; NAFLD, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease; PF‐04236921, anti‐IL‐6 antibody.