Table 2.
Spatial error model (n = 342).
| Independent variable | COVID-19 Deaths (until 29th April 2021) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate (SE) | z-value | Probability | |
| Constant | −14.21 (72.46) | −0.20 | 0.84 |
| Public transport trips (1000/day/region) | 1.67 (0.29)*** | 5.68 | 0.00 |
| Public transport share (% motorized trips) | −2.16 (0.30)*** | −7.20 | 0.00 |
| Public transport PKT (10,000 pkt/day/region) | 1.72 (0.32)*** | 5.39 | 0.00 |
| All modes PKT (10,000 pkt/day/km2) | −3.12 (0.33)*** | −9.53 | 0.00 |
| Urban density (1000 inhabitants/km2) | 4.77 (0.45)*** | 10.69 | 0.00 |
| Income (100 Brazil Real/inhabitant/month) | −2.42 (0.57)*** | −4.21 | 0.00 |
| Motorization index (10 cars/1000 inhabitants) | 0.84 (0.44)* | 1.89 | 0.06 |
| Old people (% more than 60 years) | 0.25 (0.61) | 0.41 | 0.69 |
| Long-term mean PM2.5 (μg/m3) | 7.34 (4.06)* | 1.81 | 0.07 |
| Lag Residual - Rho (ρ) | 0.17 (0.05)*** | 3.43 | 0.00 |
| Lambda (λ) | 0.50 (0.06)*** | 7.68 | 0.00 |
Notes: Robust standard errors in parentheses *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1. The control variable included in the estimation is the proximity to the CBD (Praça da Sé). All modes variable includes walking and cycling.