Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants
| Juvenile violent offenders (n = 30) | Normal controls (n = 28) | Statistical value | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 17.03 ± 0.72 | 16.00 ± 0.38 | 84.00 | < 0.001 |
| Education (year) | 7.83 ± 2.07 | 10.03 ± 0.00 | 101.00 | < 0.001 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 29 (96.7) | 5 (17.9) | 37.083 | < 0.001 |
| History of drug use, n (%) | 15 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | 18.884 | < 0.001 |
| History of alcohol use, n (%) | 29 (96.7) | 21 (75.0) | 5.718 | 0.017 |
| Family income (monthly), n (%)a | 22.209 | < 0.001 | ||
| < 1000 | 19 (63.3) | 3 (10.7) | ||
| 1000 - 1999 | 11 (36.7) | 15 (53.6) | ||
| ≥2000 | 0 (0.0) | 10 (35.7) | ||
| Parental marital status (divorced), n (%) | 4 (13.3) | 2 (7.1) | 0.598 | 0.439 |
| Main guardian, n (%) | 0.308 | 0.857 | ||
| Parents | 27 (90.0) | 24 (85.7) | ||
| Grandparents | 2 (6.7) | 3 (10.7) | ||
| Other | 1 (3.3) | 1 (3.6) | ||
| Family type, n (%) | 0.474 | 0.925 | ||
| Extended family | 4 (13.3) | 4 (14.3) | ||
| Core family | 23 (76.7) | 20 (71.4) | ||
| Single-parent family | 1 (3.3) | 2 (7.1) | ||
| Not living with parents | 2 (6.7) | 2 (7.1) | ||
| Type of crime, n | ||||
| Homicide | 3 | - | ||
| Intentional injury | 14 | - | ||
| Robbing and causing more than minor injuries | 12 | - | ||
| Rape and cause minor injuries | 1 | - | ||
| Duration of penalty (months), median (IQR) | 90(57-123) | - | ||
| Time served (months), median (IQR) | 18(12-20) | - |
a note: Chinese Yuan (CNY), minimum monthly salary (per person); n: number; IQR: interquartile range