Box 2.

Examples of genetic variants associated with nutritional and nutritionrelated factors

Genetic variants related to intake

• ALDH2 and ADH1B with alcohol intake

• LCT and MCM6 with milk and dairy intake

• CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and AHR with coffee and caffeine

• Macronutrients (e.g., the 21 loci published by the Social Sciences Genetic Association Consortium [SSGAC] [23])

Genetic variants related to circulating biomarkers

• Iron, ferritin, transferrin and transferrin saturation

• Alpha- and beta-carotene, retinol

• Calcium

• Blood-based metabolites (e.g., those published by Kettunen et al. [24] and Shin et al. [25] for nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry platforms, respectively)

Genetic variants related to biologically relevant genes

• MTHFR with folate

• VDR with vitamin D

Genetic variants related to nutrition-related factors

• e.g., Body mass index (e.g., the 941 published by the Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits [GIANT] consortium) [26]

• The human gut microbiome (e.g., those published by Hughes et al. [27] and the MiBioGen consortium [28])