Table 3.

Types of big data and examples of potential uses/applications in the field of cardiology.

Type of big data	Examples of potential uses/applications
Epidemiological/clinical big data	Epidemiological assessment (incidence, prevalence, co-morbidities, and mortality rates)
	Epidemiological nowcasting/forecasting for funding and resources allocation optimization
	Economic assessment (costs evaluation)
	Evaluation and comparison of different cardiological treatment and management options
	Identification of diagnostic and prognostic markers
	Evaluation and assessment of mid-term and long-term clinical outcomes
Molecular big data	Patient profiling and stratification
	Personalized/individualized cardiology
	Characterization of the effects and actions of drugs at the cellular and molecular levels
	Identification of potential druggable targets
Big data generated by information and communication technologies	Collection of patient-reported outcomes
	Customization and personalization of healthcare provision delivery
Computational/digital big data	Patient health-related literacy assessment
	Patient education and empowerment