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. 2022 Apr 1;9:802719. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.802719

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Copyright © 2022 Li, Jiao, Liu, Ren and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Sample selection and collection. Infectious fluids and tissues can be taken under the evaluation of clinicians. (B–D) Experimental procedures (wet lab) of mNGS, mainly including sample processing and DNA/RNA extraction, DNA libraries construction, and sequencing. (E) Bioinformatic analysis (dry lab) of mNGS. With the analysis pipeline modification, it is promising to determine tuberculosis, co-infection, comorbidity, and antibiotics resistance simultaneously. (F) Clinical decision. After obtaining the report, clinical assessment and treatment adjustment can be made promptly.