Table 7.

Exemplary expert quotes concerning the five reusability criteria of Iivari et al. (2020)

Reusability criteria	Exemplary quote
Accessibility	“First of all, the principles are all understood, but of course they are very generic […] So I would say that this covers quite a lot.”
Importance	“What is of course important, as I understood it, is Design Principle 8: The security issue is becoming more and more important and I think indirectly, I have to talk about usage control policies, we notice this in the discussions, it's all about cyber and data security, how do we deal with it. Because these are the second and third questions that you hear from customers when it comes to this—what are we doing to encrypt our data accordingly.”
Novelty and insightfulness	“And when I think about it myself, I think it's absolutely valuable, absolutely helpful in setting up a Digital Twin in our company.”
Actability and guidance	“Basically, from my point of view this is understandable for me and I can imagine that you can get guidance with something like this. […] Well, I mean now, I can't exactly say that I have seen a limitation.”
Effectiveness	“We are talking about generic design principles and I would say that they are very helpful and if I ask myself now, if the design principles help to implement a Shared Digital Twin in reality, then I say: yes.”