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. 2022 Apr 1;12:865121. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.865121

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Copyright © 2022 Li, Dong, Wu, Wang, Jin, Chen, Huang, Huang and Yao

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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An overview of the microbiota–T lymphocyte (TILs) interactions that modulate neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) efficacy. NAC treatment induces changes in the gut microbiota diversity, causing inflammation and damage to the mucosal barrier of cancer patients, permitting pathogenic bacteria to cross the intestinal barrier and enter lymphoid organs. Then the intestinal microbiota may mediate the induction of TILs such as CD3⁺, CD4⁺, and CD8⁺ cells in patients undergoing NAC. When the tight junctions between epithelial cells are broken and the intestinal permeability reduces, pathogenic bacteria interact with immune cells, regulating the response rate of the NAC treatment.