TABLE 1—
Baseline Characteristics of Medicaid Enrollees in the 3 Detroit, Michigan, Medicaid Health Plans Randomized From February 2018 to June 2019
| Characteristic | % (No.) or Mean (IQR) | Intervention vs Control, P | ||
| Active (n = 284) | Inactive (n = 1105) | Control (n = 1068) | ||
| Age, y | 31.5 (21.0–44.2) | 28.9 (20.0–39.0) | 29.9 (20.0–41.0) | .46 |
| < 21 | 23.9 (68) | 26.5 (293) | 25.4 (271) | .77 |
| 21–26 | 15.1 (43) | 16.2 (179) | 17.0 (182) | |
| 27–44 | 37.3 (106) | 39.5 (437) | 37.6 (402) | |
| 45–65 | 23.6 (67) | 17.7 (196) | 19.9 (213) | |
| Male | 34.5 (98) | 37.2 (411) | 36.1 (386) | .83 |
| Charlson comorbidities | .92 | |||
| 0 | 34.5 (98) | 37.9 (419) | 37.4 (399) | |
| 1 | 25.7 (73) | 29.1 (321) | 28.9 (309) | |
| ≥ 2 | 39.8 (113) | 33.0 (365) | 33.7 (360) | |
| Healthy Michigan | 35.6 (101) | 31.3 (346) | 29.3 (313) | .14 |
| Office visits per person-year, previous 12 mo | 6.4 (1.0‒10.0) | 5.6 (1.0‒8.0) | 5.9 (1.0‒8.0) | .29 |
| ED visits per person-year, previous 12 moa | 4.4 (3.0‒5.0) | 4.7 (3.0‒5.0) | 4.7 (3.0‒5.0) | .37 |
| % with hospitalization, previous 12 mo | 29.6 (84) | 28.9 (319) | 29.3 (313) | .91 |
| % with ambulatory care‒sensitive hospitalizations, previous 12 mo | 10.6 (30) | 9.2 (102) | 9.2 (98) | .84 |
| ED costs per person-year, $ | 5 757 (3 703‒6 528) | 6 108 (3 830‒7 068) | 6 140 (3 875‒6 953) | .97 |
| Outpatient costs per person-year, excluding ED, $ | 4 902 (1 062‒4 850) | 4 836 (1 058‒4 650) | 4 898 (1 115‒5 232) | .28 |
| Inpatient costs per person-year, $ | 14 109 (0‒10 714) | 14 190 (0‒10 519) | 12 749 (0‒10 698) | .88 |
| Total costs per person-year, $ | 24 767 (5771‒19 971) | 25 134 (6 040‒20 727) | 23 787 (6135‒21 351) | .33 |
Note. ED = emergency department; IQR = interquartile range.
a
Occurring > 3 d after last ED visit.