TABLE 3—
Exposures and Potential Confounders, by Probable Depression: HEROES-SP, São Paulo, Brazil, 2020
| Total, No. (%) | Probable Depression | P a | ||
| No, No. (%) | Yes, No. (%) | |||
| Exposures | 620 (74.9) | 208 (25.1) | < .001 | |
| Access to personal protective equipment | ||||
| Sufficient | 460 (55.6) | 369 (81.3) | 91 (19.8) | |
| A little insufficient | 252 (30.4) | 182 (72.2) | 70 (27.8) | |
| Much/very much insufficient | 116 (14.0) | 69 (59.5) | 47 (40.5) | |
| Experiences of discrimination, harassment, or violence | < .001 | |||
| 0 | 334 (40.3) | 281 (84.1) | 53 (15.9) | |
| 1 | 315 (38.1) | 237 (75.3) | 78 (24.7) | |
| 2 or 3 | 179 (21.6) | 102 (57.0) | 77 (43.0) | |
| Financial strain | < .001 | |||
| No | 598 (72.2) | 473 (79.1) | 125 (20.9) | |
| Yes | 230 (27.8) | 147 (63.9) | 83 (36.1) | |
| Isolation due to COVID-19 | .02 | |||
| No | 400 (48.3) | 315 (78.8) | 85 (21.2) | |
| Yes | 428 (51.7) | 305 (71.3) | 123 (28.7) | |
| Support from family | < .001 | |||
| Yes | 762 (92.0) | 590 (77.4) | 172 (22.6) | |
| No | 66 (8.0) | 30 (45.5) | 36 (54.5) | |
| Confounder: gender | .66 | |||
| Female | 712 (85.9) | 535 (75.1) | 177 (24.9) | |
| Male | 116 (14.1) | 85 (73.3) | 31 (26.7) | |
| Confounder: age group, y | .06 | |||
| 18–29 | 214 (25.8) | 153 (71.4) | 61 (28.6) | |
| 30–39 | 382 (46.3) | 296 (77.5) | 86 (22.5) | |
| 40–49 | 181 (21.8) | 127 (70.2) | 54 (29.8) | |
| ≥ 50 | 51 (6.1) | 44 (86.3) | 7 (13.7) | |
| Confounder: skin color | .37 | |||
| White | 383 (46.3) | 289 (75.5) | 94 (24.5) | |
| Black | 111 (1.4) | 88 (79.3) | 23 (20.7) | |
| Brown | 316 (38.2) | 228 (72.1) | 88 (27.9) | |
| Other | 18 (2.2) | 15 (83.3) | 3 (16.7) | |
| Job type | .01 | |||
| Physician | 42 (5.1) | 30 (71.4) | 12 (28.6) | |
| Nurse | 56 (6.8) | 40 (71.4) | 16 (28.6) | |
| Nursing assistant | 93 (11.2) | 70 (75.3) | 23 (24.7) | |
| Community health worker | 185 (22.3) | 147 (79.5) | 38 (20.5) | |
| Other clinical staffb | 165 (19.9) | 137 (83.0) | 28 (17.0) | |
| Administrative staff | 287 (34.7) | 196 (68.3) | 91 (31.7) | |
Note. HEROES-SP = COVID-19 Health Care Workers Study–São Paulo. The sample size was 828.
a
From Pearson χ2 test.
b
Psychologist, dentist, pharmacist, nutritionist, social worker, occupational therapist, physiotherapist, or physical educator.