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. 2022 Apr 1;10:859927. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.859927

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Hydrogel encapsulation may bring the treatment of MSCs and their secretome to the next level. MSCs are derived from various tissues, including bone marrow, adipose, umbilical cord, peripheral blood, etc. MSCs can be encapsulated by hydrogel in various formation (single-cell hydrogel encapsulation, MSC spheroid hydrogel encapsulation, and MSCs hydrogel encapsulation). Also, MSC-EVs can be encapsulated by hydrogel for pro-regenerative, pro-angiogenic, immunomodulation and anti-fibrotic effects. MSC: mesenchymal stem cell; MSC-EVs: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles.